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(Rousseau) Born in Laval in 1844,
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compelled at first
by his parents' lack of means
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to follow a career quite different from
that to which his artistic tastes called him,
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00:00:29,029 --> 00:00:31,828
it was, accordingly, not until 1885
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that he made his debut in art,
after many disappointments,
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alone and without any master but nature.
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(Narrator) At the age of 49, after the death
of his wife and seven of his children,
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Henri Rousseau,
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for 20 years a second-class clerk
in the Paris Excise Service, retired
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00:00:49,550 --> 00:00:51,769
to devote the rest of his life to painting,
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a hobby to which he had long
devoted all his spare time.
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(Rousseau) My superiors in the
Excise Service granted me easier terms,
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a pension, so that I could work
with greater facility.
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They hoped to give France,
our mother country,
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one of her children
who had but a single aim -
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to render her greater still
in the eyes of foreigners.
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(I "La Marseillaise")
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(Narrator) With his wife alive
and a large family to support,
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Rousseau had only found time
to be a Sunday painter.
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Now, he would paint all the time.
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He settled with his tiny pension and
his odd jobs in the 14th district in Paris,
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convinced that he was
one of France's greatest realist painters.
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He got on well with his neighbours,
the shopkeepers, bakers and cafe owners,
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and always wanted to be one of them,
to be a civil servant of painting,
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and to decorate the buildings of the area
for a small monthly salary.
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But when he did offer his designs
for frescoes, they were rejected,
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and while he wanted to be like them,
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they did not understand him.
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In 1884, Rousseau applied to the Louvre
for a copier’s card.
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He wanted to be recognised
in the official salons of art,
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but his work was completely ignored
by the academicians.
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Despite this, he was lucky,
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because the year he decided
to take up painting seriously,
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the Salon of the Independents
was opened.
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Anyone could show their paintings here.
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It was the first gallery ever
to have no selection committee.
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Had there been one,
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it is quite possible that Rousseau
would never have exhibited anywhere.
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As it was, from the age of 42 onwards,
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for almost every year of his life,
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he trundled his four or five paintings
through the streets of Paris
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to this annual exhibition.
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As correctly turned out as any old soldier,
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Rousseau, in his artist's uniform,
would arrive early from his distant suburb
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to seek a choice spot
and thus steal an advantage
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over his illustrious contemporaries -
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Pissarro,
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C?zanne,
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van Gogh,
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Seurat,
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Lautrec.
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All revolutionaries.
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The inspiration of every struggling,
unknown artist in Paris,
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but not of Rousseau
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who arrived every year
from his unfashionable district alone,
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part of no group,
or movement, or school.
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The critics were as unkind to this misfit
as the audience were.
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(Man 1) A moment of hilarity
is always pleasant.
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Do not deprive yourself of this pleasure
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by failing to look at
Monsieur R0usseau's works.
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(Man 2) Go and see Rousseau,
O my readers.
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Lots of fun
for your one franc admission.
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(Man 3) His portraits and landscapes
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are made to cheer up hypochondriacs
and persons whose lives are cavernous.
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(Man 4) Poor old Rousseau,
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whose naivety enriches
the saddest people with laughter.
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Oh, what's this, then?
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"Last Day Of The 51st."
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51 st what?
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"The 51st Artillery.
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"A portrait of the artist
and his brothers at arms."
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(Man) Mmh, they look like
his brothers, too!
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(Laughter)
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- Oh, which one's he, then?
- Mmh... that's him.
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No, er... that's him.
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(Woman) No, that's him.
(Man) No, that's him.
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(Woman) That's him! That's him!
(Man) That's him! That's him!
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(Woman) That's him!
(Man) That's him!
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(Woman) That's him! That's him!
(Man) That's him! That's him!
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- That's him!
- That's him!
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- He's all over the place.
- (Laughter)
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(Man) Good old Rousseau.
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51 portraits of the last Rousseau.
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(Laughter)
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(Narrator) 50 years old
and not a single painting sold.
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They were slashed with knives
and shown in the rejects' exhibition.
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(Roaring with laughter)
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(Narrator) Rousseau was the Aunt Sally
of the Paris showrooms
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and might have remained so for the rest
of his life, had it not been for one man -
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the incredible and fantastic
'pataphysical midget', Alfred Jarry.
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Yeah!
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- Does that picture please you?
- It is absolutely sublime.
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Sublimely absolute, sublime in absolution,
absolved by its sublimity,
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in nomine Patris et Filii,
and who the hell are you, sir?
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Henri Rousseau,
the man who painted it.
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The grace of the Lord is with thee.
Blessed art thou amongst women,
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and blessed is the fruit
of thy womb, Jesus.
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Hail, Mary, full of grace,
the Lord is with thee.
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Blessed art thou amongst women and...
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(Narrator) Jarry was certainly
the most way-out writer in Paris
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when he met Rousseau.
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Five feet tall,
he lived in the lower half of a room
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divided in two by a mean landlord.
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He's been called the surrealist
who lived out the character he created,
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the founder of a new alcoholic religion
called 'Pataphysics',
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fantastic eccentric, great playwright,
madman, genius.
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He was only 20, but with no more than
two poems and a short book to his credit,
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he'd been taken up by all
the avant-garde writers and painters,
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and he used his influence with them
to help Rousseau.
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Among many others,
he introduced him to Apollinaire,
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who was to do so much for him later.
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As repayment, Rousseau decided
to paint Jarry's portrait.
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And so, as always, he measured the man,
like a tailor making a suit,
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and matched his paint
against the midget's skin.
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When Jarry was broke
and thrown out of his digs,
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he came to stay with Rousseau
for a while.
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R0usseau's first published work, <i>War,</i>
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a lithograph commissioned
by the magazine <i>L</i> Vmag/ler,
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on which Jarry was co-editor.
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The two men became friends.
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Born in the same town in Brittany, Laval,
they made a bizarre couple.
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Rousseau, the retired civil servant,
Jarry, the original beatnik.
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Both dedicated, both down and out.
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Jarry recognised in Rousseau
an unconscious surrealist,
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someone who didn't need alcohol
to stimulate his fantasies.
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The world of dreams
was R0usseau's reality,
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and soon, Rousseau came to accept
Jarry's eccentric behaviour
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as a matter of course.
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- (Gunshot)
- (Glass shattering)
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(Animal howling)
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(Howling continues)
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...bleedin' hell do you think you're doing?
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Do you realise
you're endangering my children?
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If you keep this up, I might lose them.
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If that should be the case, Madame,
we'd help you get some new ones.
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<i>The bedrooms over there.</i>
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Bedroom? I'll give you bedroom.
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- Don't you come that filthy talk with me.
- (Gunshot)
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- You'll get your arse tanned.
- (Gunshots)
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(Narrator) For a time,
they lived on fish and fresh air.
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While working on his new play,
Jarry encouraged Rousseau
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to attempt a second version
of his nightmare picture, <i>War,</i>
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an hysterical child riding
over a sea of dead bodies -
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his most ambitious painting yet.
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Can you see my hand
moving up and down?
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My dead wife's guiding it.
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Mmh. If she guided it a bit faster,
perhaps we'd get the rent paid.
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(Rousseau) Ah, she's always got
her eye on me.
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(Narrator) For the first time in his life,
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Rousseau set off for the Salon
of the Independents with an ally,
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and even higher hopes than usual.
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Despite their high hopes,
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this great imaginative work
was to meet the fate of all the others -
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the scorn of an obese, bourgeois,
Philistine and uncomprehending audience.
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It was this group, personified by
a grotesque character, Father Ubu,
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that Jarry attacked
in his revolutionary play lfing <i>Ubu.</i>
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Its far-reaching effect
helped artists as odd as Rousseau
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to be eventually accepted
by the general public.
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Jarry introduced the play himself.
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In any case, we have a perfect decor,
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for just as one good way
of setting a play in eternity
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is to have revolvers shot off
in the year 1000.
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You will see doors open
on fields of snow under blue skies,
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fireplaces furnished with clocks
and swinging wide to serve as doors,
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and palm trees growing the foot of a bed
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so that little elephants standing
on bookshelves can browse on them.
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As to the orchestra, there is none.
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Only its volume and timbre will you miss
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and various pianos and percussion
will execute the cues from backstage.
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The action, which is about to begin,
takes place in Poland,
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that is to say, nowhere.
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(Scattered applause)
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(Woman) Darling!
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Shifter!
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(Gasping and shrieking)
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- Shitter!
- (Gasping)
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Shifter!
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(All shouting)
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Cauliflower ? la Shitter.
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(Audience continue shouting)
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(Man) Take it off! Take it off!
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(Man 2) disgusting!
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00:12:55,441 --> 00:12:57,910
(Man 3) I've never seen
anything like this in my life!
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00:12:58,027 --> 00:13:00,826
Absolutely incredible!
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00:13:00,947 --> 00:13:03,120
I shall report you to the police, sir!
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It is absolutely incredible.
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I dare not come to the theatre
with my wife again!
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There's no accounting for taste!
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(Man) Get off! Get off!
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00:13:22,927 --> 00:13:25,100
(Audience continue shouting)
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00:13:27,724 --> 00:13:29,897
Disgusting! Take it away!
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00:13:30,018 --> 00:13:32,237
(Rousseau) They're nothing
but a lot of bloody pigs.
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00:13:32,353 --> 00:13:34,697
(Oinking and grunting)
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After his attack on the Philistines,
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Jarry continued his journey
of self-destruction alone.
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00:14:00,256 --> 00:14:02,884
Rousseau was left with
the best review he'd ever had,
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00:14:03,009 --> 00:14:05,228
inspired if not written by...
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00:14:05,303 --> 00:14:07,305
Alfred Jarry.
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00:14:07,430 --> 00:14:11,651
(Rousseau) "The artist who painted War
once again reveals his personality,
200
00:14:11,768 --> 00:14:13,770
"All that could make it seem strange is
201
00:14:13,895 --> 00:14:17,570
"that it recalls nothing
we have ever seen before.
202
00:14:17,690 --> 00:14:20,443
"Yet is this not a highly admirable quality?
203
00:14:20,568 --> 00:14:23,492
"Why should strangeness
provoke mockery?
204
00:14:23,613 --> 00:14:26,662
"Rousseau has suffered
the fate of all innovators.
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00:14:26,741 --> 00:14:29,164
"His roots are in himself alone.
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00:14:29,285 --> 00:14:32,664
"He possesses what is today
the very rare quality
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00:14:32,789 --> 00:14:35,167
"of being absolutely personal.
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00:14:35,291 --> 00:14:38,044
"He is trying to create a new art."
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(Narrator) Yet Rousseau sold nothing
at the exhibition.
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00:14:44,884 --> 00:14:47,933
His only earnings from paintings came
from the few commissions for portraits
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00:14:48,054 --> 00:14:50,273
from neighbours and shopkeepers
who knew him.
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00:14:50,390 --> 00:14:53,064
Most of his tiny income
came from music teaching.
213
00:14:53,142 --> 00:14:56,362
He had been a military bandsman,
and later taught himself the violin,
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00:14:56,479 --> 00:15:00,359
and even received a municipal diploma
for a waltz he composed.
215
00:15:00,483 --> 00:15:01,905
With the diploma as his credential,
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00:15:02,026 --> 00:15:04,825
he set up a part-time music academy
in his living room.
217
00:15:04,904 --> 00:15:09,080
His pupils were poor, and came in pairs
to take advantage of the reduced fee,
218
00:15:09,200 --> 00:15:12,955
working towards graduation day
when they too would receive a diploma...
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00:15:13,079 --> 00:15:14,547
from Rousseau.
220
00:15:14,622 --> 00:15:17,000
But this still didn't earn him
enough money to buy his paints,
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00:15:17,125 --> 00:15:19,469
and he was forced
to tramp all over Paris.
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00:15:39,230 --> 00:15:42,200
Neither the routine odd jobs
nor the complete indifference of the world
223
00:15:42,316 --> 00:15:44,318
could impair his prophetic vision.
224
00:15:44,444 --> 00:15:47,744
Rousseau knew he was closer
to the 20th century than the 19th,
225
00:15:47,822 --> 00:15:50,416
and after he was dead,
both the cubists and the surrealists
226
00:15:50,533 --> 00:15:53,286
acknowledged that he had foreshadowed
much of their work.
227
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Yet, despite their indifference,
228
00:15:54,912 --> 00:15:57,916
Rousseau himself remained
totally confident of his work,
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00:15:58,040 --> 00:16:01,089
as this letter to the mayor
of his home town Laval shows.
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00:16:01,919 --> 00:16:03,592
"Dear Mr Mayor,
231
00:16:03,713 --> 00:16:06,387
"I have the honour of sending you
these few lines
232
00:16:06,507 --> 00:16:10,137
"as one of your countrymen
who has become a self-taught artist
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00:16:10,219 --> 00:16:13,894
"and is desirous that his native city
possess one of his works.
234
00:16:15,016 --> 00:16:19,897
"Proposing that you purchase from <i>me</i>
a painting called <i>The</i> Sleeping <i>Gypsy</i>
235
00:16:20,021 --> 00:16:24,401
"which measures 2.6 metres in width
and 1.9 in height.
236
00:16:25,026 --> 00:16:28,405
"A wandering negress
playing her mandolin
237
00:16:28,529 --> 00:16:32,784
"with her jar beside her,
a vase containing water,
238
00:16:32,909 --> 00:16:36,914
"sleeps deeply, worn out by fatigue.
239
00:16:37,038 --> 00:16:39,882
"A lion wanders by, detects her,
240
00:16:39,999 --> 00:16:41,751
"and doesn't devour her.
241
00:16:42,460 --> 00:16:46,135
"There's an effect of moonlight,
very poetic.
242
00:16:46,255 --> 00:16:50,260
"The scene takes place
in a completely arid desert.
243
00:16:50,384 --> 00:16:53,263
"The gypsy is dressed in oriental fashion.
244
00:16:54,388 --> 00:16:58,643
"I will let it go for 2,000 or 1,800 francs
245
00:16:58,768 --> 00:17:00,691
"because I would be happy
246
00:17:00,811 --> 00:17:05,533
"to let the city of Laval possess
a remembrance of one of its children.
247
00:17:05,650 --> 00:17:09,371
"In the hope that my offer
will be treated with favour,
248
00:17:09,487 --> 00:17:15,165
"accept, Mr Mayor, the assurance
of my distinguished consideration.
249
00:17:15,284 --> 00:17:18,788
"Henri Rousseau, artist, painter."
250
00:17:32,718 --> 00:17:37,269
(Narrator) 1899.
Rousseau remarries at the age of 55.
251
00:18:08,963 --> 00:18:10,931
Rousseau was happy with Josephine.
252
00:18:11,048 --> 00:18:13,392
She regulated his life,
looked after his business,
253
00:18:13,509 --> 00:18:15,853
encouraged him
to be a respectable painter,
254
00:18:15,970 --> 00:18:18,974
and from his own account
made him ideally happy.
255
00:18:19,098 --> 00:18:21,066
He played in the band
in the Tuileries gardens,
256
00:18:21,142 --> 00:18:25,522
she sold his paintings in the parlour
and in a newspaper kiosk.
257
00:18:25,646 --> 00:18:27,990
After a year or so,
he began to exhibit again regularly
258
00:18:28,107 --> 00:18:29,859
at the Gallery of the Independence.
259
00:18:29,942 --> 00:18:32,661
He was again laughed at
and his paintings ignored.
260
00:18:34,196 --> 00:18:35,573
But with his wife behind him,
261
00:18:35,698 --> 00:18:38,577
Rousseau fancied
he was still carving out a fine career.
262
00:18:38,659 --> 00:18:42,664
At least for the first time in his life,
he was free of debt.
263
00:18:42,788 --> 00:18:46,292
He celebrated his new happiness
in a painting called PastA/za' Present,
264
00:18:46,417 --> 00:18:49,796
in which he and his wife were watched
over by the first Madame Rousseau
265
00:18:49,920 --> 00:18:53,140
and the painter as he had appeared
20 years earlier.
266
00:19:23,245 --> 00:19:26,624
For a while, Josephine was
his model and his muse.
267
00:21:23,657 --> 00:21:27,161
After four years of happily married life,
his wife was dead of cancer,
268
00:21:27,787 --> 00:21:29,664
and he was alone again.
269
00:21:30,414 --> 00:21:32,508
He wrote very few letters
and never kept a diary,
270
00:21:33,334 --> 00:21:35,962
and nobody knows exactly how he felt.
271
00:21:36,086 --> 00:21:38,430
(P Violin playing slow melody)
272
00:22:12,957 --> 00:22:14,959
(ship's horn)
273
00:22:32,142 --> 00:22:34,110
(ship's horn)
274
00:22:42,361 --> 00:22:45,740
Sometimes one of his neighbours
would commission him to do a big picture.
275
00:22:45,865 --> 00:22:47,742
Working from a photograph,
as he often did,
276
00:22:47,867 --> 00:22:50,416
but reorganising the figures
and adding new ones of his own,
277
00:22:50,536 --> 00:22:52,038
including himself sometimes,
278
00:22:52,162 --> 00:22:54,460
Rousseau would transform
the most haphazard snapshot
279
00:22:54,540 --> 00:22:57,168
into something personal and strange.
280
00:23:04,341 --> 00:23:07,936
Those who knew him at this time
spoke of him as an exceedingly kind man,
281
00:23:08,053 --> 00:23:10,772
somebody who would share all he had
with anyone in need.
282
00:23:10,890 --> 00:23:13,359
This sometimes led others
to take advantage of him,
283
00:23:13,475 --> 00:23:16,445
and he would often be left
in a worse plight than those he helped.
284
00:23:16,562 --> 00:23:18,906
At one time, he existed
on the kindness of a neighbour
285
00:23:18,981 --> 00:23:21,234
who brought him a pot of stew
once a week.
286
00:23:21,358 --> 00:23:23,736
It lasted him for the next five days.
287
00:23:27,031 --> 00:23:30,205
Since Jarry, nobody had suspected
the true value of his work,
288
00:23:30,951 --> 00:23:33,921
not even his new friend,
the poet Apollinaire.
289
00:23:34,038 --> 00:23:36,382
- Monsieur Rousseau!
- Good day!
290
00:23:36,498 --> 00:23:39,251
A singular honour has descended on you.
291
00:23:39,376 --> 00:23:41,504
I bring to examine your paintings
292
00:23:41,629 --> 00:23:44,883
none other than
Monsieur Dujardin-Beaumetz,
293
00:23:45,007 --> 00:23:49,183
superintendent of the beaux-arts
of Paris and the world.
294
00:23:49,261 --> 00:23:51,684
Ah, the minister! Here!
295
00:23:51,805 --> 00:23:53,978
Pray don't let us interrupt you, dear sir,
296
00:23:54,099 --> 00:23:58,024
I know the powers of a great artist,
the concentration must be respected,
297
00:23:58,103 --> 00:23:59,525
must be treasured.
298
00:23:59,647 --> 00:24:02,150
Pray continue to paint
as though we weren't here.
299
00:24:02,274 --> 00:24:04,072
Ah, but the minister! Here!
300
00:24:04,193 --> 00:24:07,697
The minister will undoubtedly notice
the colours, the blacks.
301
00:24:07,780 --> 00:24:10,078
Monsieur Gauguin
has particularly mentioned the blacks
302
00:24:10,199 --> 00:24:11,997
and now we must all mention the blacks.
303
00:24:12,117 --> 00:24:14,711
Look at the blacks, monsieur le ministre.
304
00:24:15,245 --> 00:24:17,543
(I "La Marseillaise")
305
00:24:19,416 --> 00:24:23,091
Monsieur le ministre will know that I too
worked in the service of the Republic.
306
00:24:23,212 --> 00:24:24,930
Really? As an artist, I hope.
307
00:24:25,047 --> 00:24:28,597
Oh, no, no, no, in the customs,
the other side of Paris.
308
00:24:28,717 --> 00:24:32,847
And the imagination which can impose
reality on such sublime fantasy,
309
00:24:32,972 --> 00:24:34,690
the minister will notice that.
310
00:24:35,224 --> 00:24:38,068
I've only stew to offer you,
but if the minister would care for some...
311
00:24:38,143 --> 00:24:40,566
The reality, yes, yes, indeed.
312
00:24:40,688 --> 00:24:42,816
Right away! Ooh!
313
00:24:46,360 --> 00:24:47,361
(Splattering)
314
00:24:47,486 --> 00:24:49,488
(I "La Marseillaise" continues)
315
00:24:50,864 --> 00:24:53,037
- The reality.
- And the detail!
316
00:24:53,158 --> 00:24:56,833
The precision,
the craftsmanship, the finish!
317
00:24:56,954 --> 00:25:01,004
None of your C?zanne leftovers,
none of your skating lines of Lautrec.
318
00:25:01,125 --> 00:25:03,799
A good, solid finish.
319
00:25:04,378 --> 00:25:07,348
- Yes, indeed.
- That's because of the number of layers.
320
00:25:07,423 --> 00:25:09,300
I've still got me uniform, you know.
321
00:25:09,967 --> 00:25:12,186
(Apollinaire) Now for the presentation.
322
00:25:43,751 --> 00:25:46,425
(indistinct dialogue)
323
00:25:53,093 --> 00:25:56,188
(Narrator) Even well-disposed artists
like Apollinaire and his friends
324
00:25:56,305 --> 00:26:00,151
thought of Rousseau as a kind of mascot,
somebody to play jokes on,
325
00:26:00,267 --> 00:26:03,396
and it was years before they recognised
his naive genius.
326
00:26:04,938 --> 00:26:07,441
He's a grand animal, a lovely animal.
327
00:26:07,566 --> 00:26:10,820
You're a... a real... You're a good lion.
328
00:26:10,944 --> 00:26:12,366
(Roars)
329
00:26:12,488 --> 00:26:15,458
Look out!
He's comin' to get ya! (Roars)
330
00:26:15,574 --> 00:26:17,497
(Laughs)
331
00:26:21,955 --> 00:26:23,548
Thank you, ladies and gentlemen.
332
00:26:23,665 --> 00:26:28,637
The first thing I have to do tonight is to
present a certificate to one of my pupils.
333
00:26:29,254 --> 00:26:32,053
He's been with me for three years
and he thoroughly deserves it.
334
00:26:32,174 --> 00:26:34,347
(Applause)
335
00:26:37,054 --> 00:26:39,148
Short of a programme, anybody?
336
00:26:40,432 --> 00:26:42,059
Thank you.
337
00:26:42,768 --> 00:26:48,116
What you're going to hear now
is a waltz which I composed
338
00:26:48,232 --> 00:26:51,156
in... in memory of my late wife Cl?mence.
339
00:26:54,488 --> 00:26:56,035
One, two, three.
340
00:26:56,156 --> 00:26:57,408
Two, two, three.
341
00:26:57,533 --> 00:27:00,002
(I Band playing out of tune)
342
00:27:30,941 --> 00:27:33,615
(Narrator) Rousseau began to hold
his musical evenings,
343
00:27:33,735 --> 00:27:37,114
which at the time won him more fame
than ever his paintings had done.
344
00:27:37,239 --> 00:27:39,833
Friends and local shopkeepers
crowded into his tiny studio
345
00:27:39,950 --> 00:27:42,328
to rub shoulders with the curious
bohemians and artists
346
00:27:42,452 --> 00:27:45,626
who had crossed Paris
to be present just for a lark.
347
00:27:45,747 --> 00:27:47,875
The standard of the performance
was awful,
348
00:27:48,000 --> 00:27:51,345
and the programmes,
with their 24 numbers, interminable,
349
00:27:51,420 --> 00:27:54,014
but everyone seems to have
enjoyed themselves.
350
00:27:54,131 --> 00:27:56,634
This was about as close
to the wild bohemian life
351
00:27:56,758 --> 00:27:58,806
that Rousseau ever came.
352
00:28:17,613 --> 00:28:19,365
(Applause)
353
00:28:22,242 --> 00:28:25,041
There'll now be a short intermission
for drinks.
354
00:28:25,162 --> 00:28:27,460
(Sighs of relief, chatter)
355
00:28:32,252 --> 00:28:34,175
(Growling)
356
00:28:39,051 --> 00:28:40,428
It was at this period of his life
357
00:28:40,552 --> 00:28:43,396
that Rousseau turned to
his great tropical paintings.
358
00:28:43,513 --> 00:28:47,484
What attracted him to this exotic,
mysterious world is still uncertain.
359
00:28:47,601 --> 00:28:51,697
Legend has it that Rousseau served
in Mexico for four years in the 1860s,
360
00:28:51,813 --> 00:28:54,908
a legend fostered by Apollinaire
in a famous poem.
361
00:28:55,901 --> 00:28:58,745
"You remember, Rousseau,
the Aztec landscape,
362
00:28:58,820 --> 00:29:01,915
"the forests where mango
and pineapple grow,
363
00:29:02,032 --> 00:29:05,002
"where monkeys
spill the watermelons' blood,
364
00:29:05,118 --> 00:29:08,418
"way out there
where the blonde emperor was shot.
365
00:29:08,538 --> 00:29:12,168
"The scenes you paint,
you saw them in Mexico."
366
00:29:14,419 --> 00:29:18,344
But there is no record of Rousseau
actually going to Mexico with his brigade,
367
00:29:18,465 --> 00:29:20,513
and some people say that his passion
for the tropics
368
00:29:20,634 --> 00:29:24,514
was cultivated in the conservatories
of the Jardin des Plantes in Paris.
369
00:29:49,079 --> 00:29:52,834
And now, 64 years old,
he was arrested for fraud.
370
00:29:52,958 --> 00:29:54,460
The case was extremely involved,
371
00:29:54,584 --> 00:29:57,428
but it was obvious to everyone who
knew him that Rousseau had been duped
372
00:29:57,546 --> 00:29:59,469
and that he was completely innocent.
373
00:29:59,589 --> 00:30:03,264
Nevertheless, the French courts
liked neither artists nor frauds,
374
00:30:03,343 --> 00:30:06,688
and Rousseau was implicated
and so liable to five years' imprisonment.
375
00:30:08,140 --> 00:30:11,269
He was kept in his cell
three weeks before the trial.
376
00:30:11,393 --> 00:30:14,021
And in that time
he was tormented not by guilt,
377
00:30:14,104 --> 00:30:16,857
but by the thought
that he was letting down his students
378
00:30:16,940 --> 00:30:19,409
and having his career interrupted.
379
00:30:19,526 --> 00:30:22,405
He wrote letters to everyone
and many to the judge.
380
00:30:23,739 --> 00:30:28,461
"You will kind enough not to destroy
a career so laboriously acquired.
381
00:30:28,577 --> 00:30:31,205
"I have my class to teach
the day after tomorrow.
382
00:30:31,330 --> 00:30:34,755
"My pupils are counting on me
and will be waiting for me."
383
00:30:36,084 --> 00:30:39,213
(Narrator) When pleading failed,
he resorted to bribery.
384
00:30:40,464 --> 00:30:44,014
"I am very sad to see
where I have landed,
385
00:30:44,134 --> 00:30:47,263
"between four walls in this cell.
386
00:30:47,387 --> 00:30:50,516
"I get giddy and sometimes
I nearly collapse.
387
00:30:50,640 --> 00:30:53,063
"Everything goes round and round.
388
00:30:53,185 --> 00:30:55,688
"Oh, sir, how I suffer!
389
00:30:55,812 --> 00:30:59,316
"If, in your goodness,
you were to grant me my liberty,
390
00:30:59,441 --> 00:31:01,785
"I would do a beautiful portrait of you,
391
00:31:01,860 --> 00:31:04,579
"just the style and size you wish
392
00:31:04,696 --> 00:31:08,121
"or I would make you a present
of one or two pretty landscapes,
393
00:31:08,241 --> 00:31:10,039
"just as you like."
394
00:31:11,870 --> 00:31:15,545
(Narrator) Rousseau was brought for trial,
victim of a scheme involving forgeries
395
00:31:15,624 --> 00:31:17,843
which any schoolboy
would have seen through.
396
00:31:17,959 --> 00:31:20,712
Technically, however,
the use against him was very strong
397
00:31:20,837 --> 00:31:23,761
and after all his friends had testified
as to his simple and honest character,
398
00:31:23,882 --> 00:31:27,603
his lawyer - a young friend of Ap0llinaire's
wanting to make his way -
399
00:31:27,719 --> 00:31:29,266
ended his speech for the defence.
400
00:31:29,888 --> 00:31:31,811
I will ask you to listen attentively,
401
00:31:31,932 --> 00:31:35,687
for if you are to find Monsieur Rousseau
innocent of this fraud,
402
00:31:35,811 --> 00:31:40,533
it is for me first of all to convince you
of the innocence of the man,
403
00:31:40,649 --> 00:31:42,276
of his naivety.
404
00:31:42,401 --> 00:31:46,702
Ten years ago, when he was
a struggling young artist of 51,
405
00:31:46,780 --> 00:31:50,034
Monsieur Rousseau wrote, and I quote,
406
00:31:51,451 --> 00:31:55,297
"it is only now, after years of hardship,
that Rousseau..."
407
00:31:55,414 --> 00:31:57,382
he is speaking of himself...
408
00:31:57,499 --> 00:32:01,970
"that Rousseau succeeded in becoming
one of France's leading realists."
409
00:32:03,046 --> 00:32:06,300
He sees himself as a realist.
410
00:32:06,383 --> 00:32:09,887
I will now ask you to look at
some of these paintings.
411
00:32:10,011 --> 00:32:13,936
Look at them carefully,
look at them hard.
412
00:32:15,100 --> 00:32:19,697
I will ask you to observe
this realistic jungle.
413
00:32:20,605 --> 00:32:23,449
Observe these realistic footballers.
414
00:32:24,359 --> 00:32:28,614
Observe the realistic detail
in the brushwork, here.
415
00:32:29,239 --> 00:32:31,367
Observe this portrait.
416
00:32:33,869 --> 00:32:36,418
Now, if a man can look at these paintings,
417
00:32:36,538 --> 00:32:41,669
his own paintings, and believe,
and believe sincerely that they are real,
418
00:32:41,793 --> 00:32:45,889
surely, when confronted
by a confidence trick, by a fraud -
419
00:32:46,006 --> 00:32:50,182
plausible, sinister,
meticulously worked out in every detail -
420
00:32:50,260 --> 00:32:54,310
surely it is no less possible
for him to believe that this trick
421
00:32:54,431 --> 00:32:58,857
is nothing more than an unexpected
and extremely welcome windfall.
422
00:32:58,977 --> 00:33:00,524
Because I must assure you
423
00:33:00,645 --> 00:33:03,239
that this is exactly
what Monsieur Rousseau did believe,
424
00:33:03,356 --> 00:33:05,404
and he believes it still.
425
00:33:05,525 --> 00:33:08,028
On another occasion,
he was made to believe
426
00:33:08,153 --> 00:33:11,623
that he was going to be appointed
Commander of the Legion of Honour
427
00:33:11,740 --> 00:33:15,244
and that an official banquet
was going to be accorded him.
428
00:33:15,368 --> 00:33:19,214
This was nothing but a heartless prank,
played on him by some of his friends,
429
00:33:19,331 --> 00:33:21,459
yet Monsieur Rousseau believed this
430
00:33:21,541 --> 00:33:24,545
in exactly the same way
that he believed the fraud
431
00:33:24,669 --> 00:33:28,139
and in exactly the same way
that he believes in his own genius
432
00:33:28,256 --> 00:33:30,725
as one of France's leading realists.
433
00:33:31,384 --> 00:33:34,934
This morning,
Monsieur Rousseau confided to me,
434
00:33:35,055 --> 00:33:39,652
"if I am found guilty,
it will not be an injustice to me,
435
00:33:39,768 --> 00:33:42,817
"but it will be a tragedy for art."
436
00:33:43,438 --> 00:33:46,942
Mr President, let us return
Henri Rousseau to the world of art.
437
00:33:47,067 --> 00:33:48,944
That is where he belongs.
438
00:33:49,069 --> 00:33:51,993
He is an original, he is unique.
439
00:33:52,447 --> 00:33:54,245
What right have any of us
440
00:33:54,366 --> 00:33:57,711
to condemn a primitive
and find him guilty?
441
00:34:00,664 --> 00:34:02,132
Can I go home now?
442
00:34:02,249 --> 00:34:03,967
(Narrator) Rousseau was fined 100 francs
443
00:34:04,084 --> 00:34:06,428
and released under
a suspended two-year sentence.
444
00:34:06,503 --> 00:34:09,427
He continued to wheel his paintings
to the annual salon,
445
00:34:09,548 --> 00:34:12,142
and he continued
to wheel them back again.
446
00:34:13,468 --> 00:34:17,518
But one of his paintings did sell
for five francs in a junk shop.
447
00:34:17,639 --> 00:34:20,017
The man who bought it
was Pablo Picasso,
448
00:34:20,100 --> 00:34:23,775
He'd gone in looking for
a cheap canvas to paint over.
449
00:34:23,895 --> 00:34:26,318
Rousseau knew Picasso's work as well.
450
00:34:26,439 --> 00:34:30,694
(Rousseau) You and I are
the two greatest painters alive today,
451
00:34:30,819 --> 00:34:34,949
you in the Egyptian style
and me in the modern style.
452
00:34:37,951 --> 00:34:40,795
(Narrator) This painting convinced Picasso
of R0usseau's genius
453
00:34:40,912 --> 00:34:42,505
and he prepared to celebrate it.
454
00:34:42,581 --> 00:34:44,549
(Loud commotion)
455
00:35:00,974 --> 00:35:03,068
Friends!
456
00:35:03,184 --> 00:35:05,482
Our guest of honour for this evening,
457
00:35:05,604 --> 00:35:07,402
Monsieur Rousseau.
458
00:35:07,522 --> 00:35:09,866
(Rowdy response)
459
00:35:13,403 --> 00:35:15,997
(Narrator) And now, at last,
his paintings began to sell.
460
00:35:16,114 --> 00:35:18,242
Besides the artists
of Picasso's generation,
461
00:35:18,366 --> 00:35:20,494
who'd come to the party
to pay homage to Rousseau,
462
00:35:20,619 --> 00:35:23,589
there'd also been present
from discerning art dealers and patrons,
463
00:35:23,705 --> 00:35:25,958
like Joseph Brummer
and Wilhelm Uhde.
464
00:35:26,082 --> 00:35:28,835
They began to seek him out,
buy his paintings,
465
00:35:28,960 --> 00:35:30,678
and, what was more important
to Rousseau,
466
00:35:30,795 --> 00:35:33,890
to give him and his work the serious
attention he had fought for all his life.
467
00:35:34,758 --> 00:35:36,556
Oh, I must show you this one.
468
00:35:36,676 --> 00:35:38,895
Landscape portrait of Joseph Brummer.
469
00:35:39,596 --> 00:35:43,317
At the age of 66, it seemed
as if his career was beginning at last.
470
00:35:44,225 --> 00:35:47,729
Hardly surprising, then, that he should
look around for somebody to enjoy it with.
471
00:36:16,883 --> 00:36:20,558
(indistinct)
472
00:36:22,013 --> 00:36:24,141
Rousseau was helplessly in love,
473
00:36:24,265 --> 00:36:26,814
this time with a 54-year-old widow
called L?onie
474
00:36:26,935 --> 00:36:29,108
who worked as a sales girl
at the economy stores
475
00:36:29,229 --> 00:36:31,231
and thought him totally unsuitable.
476
00:36:31,356 --> 00:36:33,199
He was desperate to win her.
477
00:36:33,316 --> 00:36:35,819
He wrote to friends for certificates
of talent and honesty,
478
00:36:35,902 --> 00:36:37,620
which he presented to Le0nie's father.
479
00:36:37,737 --> 00:36:38,863
He gave her presents.
480
00:36:38,988 --> 00:36:42,743
He sat outside her home night after night
and he made out his will to her
481
00:36:42,867 --> 00:36:44,744
and he wrote to her endlessly.
482
00:36:44,869 --> 00:36:46,587
He needed her love.
483
00:36:46,663 --> 00:36:49,792
His life, his work, were only for her.
484
00:36:51,584 --> 00:36:54,963
(Rousseau) "August 19th, 1910.
485
00:36:55,672 --> 00:36:58,425
"My beloved L?onie...
486
00:36:58,550 --> 00:37:00,678
"All my thoughts are for you.
487
00:37:00,802 --> 00:37:02,224
"Before going to bed,
488
00:37:02,303 --> 00:37:05,398
"I must say a word about the observation
you made at Vincennes,
489
00:37:05,515 --> 00:37:07,859
"while we were waiting
on the bench for the trolley.
490
00:37:08,768 --> 00:37:13,945
"You said that if I was no use to you,
at least I served as your buffoon.
491
00:37:14,023 --> 00:37:18,324
"Whose fault is it that
I'm no use to you for cohabitation?
492
00:37:18,445 --> 00:37:20,072
"Don't you think I suffer?
493
00:37:20,196 --> 00:37:24,076
"Don't you think that I would be happy
to feel more often the sensations of love
494
00:37:24,200 --> 00:37:27,500
"which come when two beings
love each other as we do?
495
00:37:27,620 --> 00:37:29,873
"Natural sensations.
496
00:37:29,998 --> 00:37:33,127
"And neither the woman nor the man
must refuse the right
497
00:37:33,251 --> 00:37:37,097
"since nature has made us thus,
has created us for one another.
498
00:37:38,173 --> 00:37:40,767
"Christ said every tree or every creature
499
00:37:40,884 --> 00:37:43,979
"which beareth not fruit hath no use.
500
00:37:44,095 --> 00:37:45,938
"Therefore we should procreate.
501
00:37:46,890 --> 00:37:50,064
"But at our age,
we do not have to fear that.
502
00:37:50,185 --> 00:37:51,858
"Yes, you do make me suffer,
503
00:37:51,978 --> 00:37:54,606
"for fortunately I still have my feelings.
504
00:37:55,607 --> 00:37:59,453
"Let us unite and you will see
if I'm incapable of serving you.
505
00:37:59,569 --> 00:38:01,822
"For your part, be less cold with me.
506
00:38:01,946 --> 00:38:04,449
"Don't break my heart
when I want to caress you,
507
00:38:04,574 --> 00:38:08,204
"by being sullen and responding
reluctantly to my advances.
508
00:38:09,162 --> 00:38:10,584
"And why act this way with me,
509
00:38:10,663 --> 00:38:12,961
"since we understand each other
on this point, I believe,
510
00:38:13,082 --> 00:38:14,254
"since we love each other?
511
00:38:14,375 --> 00:38:18,130
"True, it is not only for that
that people marry at our age,
512
00:38:18,254 --> 00:38:22,304
"but we have not either of us
had the final say yet.
513
00:38:22,383 --> 00:38:25,102
"A thousand affectionate kisses.
514
00:38:25,220 --> 00:38:27,564
"Always your Henri.
515
00:38:28,264 --> 00:38:30,016
"H. Rousseau."
516
00:38:30,642 --> 00:38:32,770
Would you like a cake, Eug?nie?
517
00:38:32,894 --> 00:38:35,738
- Yes, thank you.
- And a cup of coffee?
518
00:38:43,071 --> 00:38:45,745
- Are they suitable for you?
- They'll do.
519
00:38:45,865 --> 00:38:47,583
Are you comfortable, then?
520
00:38:47,700 --> 00:38:51,079
Sufficiently. I don't intend
to stay much longer.
521
00:38:51,204 --> 00:38:54,174
- What can I do to entertain you?
- Nothing.
522
00:38:54,290 --> 00:38:57,339
Well, I'd like to show you some paintings.
523
00:38:57,460 --> 00:38:59,838
My dear, be seated.
524
00:38:59,963 --> 00:39:01,135
<i>Hmm.</i>
525
00:39:01,256 --> 00:39:03,884
<i>Ah,</i> well, I call <i>that
The Vase of Flowers.</i>
526
00:39:04,008 --> 00:39:05,806
<i>Pink Candle.</i>
527
00:39:05,927 --> 00:39:08,180
<i>Portrait of a Young Girl.</i>
528
00:39:08,263 --> 00:39:10,641
<i>Still Life with Coffee P01'.</i>
529
00:39:11,850 --> 00:39:14,945
<i>- Child on the Rocks.
- {Laughs}</i>
530
00:39:15,019 --> 00:39:17,488
<i>- Another Vase of flowers.</i>
- <i>(Continues to</i> laugh)
531
00:39:17,605 --> 00:39:19,903
<i>Then we have the Lady Walking
Through the Tropical Forest.</i>
532
00:39:20,024 --> 00:39:21,992
(Her laughter intensifies)
533
00:39:22,110 --> 00:39:24,829
I've another one over here
I'd like to show you.
534
00:39:25,947 --> 00:39:28,951
I call <i>this one
The JaguarAffae/r/hg the Negro.</i>
535
00:39:29,075 --> 00:39:31,874
- A realistic jungle scene.
- (Laughs)
536
00:39:33,788 --> 00:39:35,540
<i>This is The Happy Qua/Tet,</i>
537
00:39:35,665 --> 00:39:38,088
Adam and Eve and their dog
in the Garden of Eden.
538
00:39:38,209 --> 00:39:39,961
(Laughs)
539
00:39:40,086 --> 00:39:42,760
<i>Apollinaire and his Muse.</i>
540
00:39:43,882 --> 00:39:45,976
<i>Sleeping Bohemian.</i>
541
00:39:48,845 --> 00:39:50,518
<i>I call this The Football Match.</i>
542
00:39:50,638 --> 00:39:53,141
(Laughter continues)
543
00:39:55,268 --> 00:39:58,442
<i>- That's The 57st Brigade.
- (Laughs)</i>
544
00:39:59,731 --> 00:40:01,904
<i>Landscape Portrait of Joseph Brummer.</i>
545
00:40:02,025 --> 00:40:04,027
(Laughing) Oh, dear!
546
00:40:04,152 --> 00:40:05,950
Oh, I must show you this one.
547
00:40:07,113 --> 00:40:09,332
This is my masterpiece.
548
00:40:09,449 --> 00:40:11,668
Self-portrait, 20 years ago.
549
00:40:11,784 --> 00:40:13,661
- (Laughs)
- You can have it if you want it.
550
00:40:13,786 --> 00:40:15,163
(Laughs even more heartily)
551
00:40:15,288 --> 00:40:18,087
<i>Landscape with Dirigible Patrie
and Biplane.</i>
552
00:40:18,207 --> 00:40:19,925
(Laughs)
553
00:40:20,627 --> 00:40:24,552
<i>View of the Isle of St Louis during
the Night of the Fire at the Bus Depot.</i>
554
00:40:24,672 --> 00:40:27,095
<i>- Landscape, Outskirts of Paris.
- {Laugmer}</i>
555
00:40:27,216 --> 00:40:30,436
<i>Walk in the Forest.
Out of Work Musician.</i>
556
00:40:30,553 --> 00:40:32,430
<i>Artist Painting His Wife.</i>
557
00:40:32,555 --> 00:40:34,182
- <i>Baby? Pa/Ty.</i>
- (Laughter intensifies)
558
00:40:34,933 --> 00:40:36,310
<i>Scout Is Attacked by Tiger.</i>
559
00:40:36,935 --> 00:40:38,482
<i>View of Parc Monsouris.</i>
560
00:40:38,603 --> 00:40:40,105
- (Laughter starts to drown speech)
- Po/Tra/f <i>of a</i> Man.
561
00:40:40,229 --> 00:40:41,651
<i>Portrait of a Woman.</i>
562
00:40:44,025 --> 00:40:47,404
- (Uproarious derisive laughter)
<i>- V/lew of</i> the <i>E/fie/ Tower.</i>
563
00:40:47,528 --> 00:40:50,782
(Laughter drowns out speech)
564
00:40:57,580 --> 00:40:59,753
(Laughter continues)
565
00:41:08,508 --> 00:41:10,510
(Laughter stops abruptly)
566
00:41:10,635 --> 00:41:11,852
<i>Baby's Party.</i>
567
00:41:49,048 --> 00:41:50,641
(Narrator) Abandoned by L?onie,
568
00:41:50,758 --> 00:41:53,557
Rousseau appeared to withdraw
from the world.
569
00:41:53,678 --> 00:41:58,149
He painted one of his greatest canvases,
The Dream,
570
00:41:58,266 --> 00:42:01,145
in which a dream lady
is transported to a tropical paradise
571
00:42:01,269 --> 00:42:03,863
on R0usseau's faded plush settee.
572
00:42:30,673 --> 00:42:32,846
He gradually became unwell.
573
00:42:32,967 --> 00:42:35,937
He opened a vein in his leg
to let some blood.
574
00:42:36,054 --> 00:42:37,977
He neglected the wound.
575
00:42:38,097 --> 00:42:40,475
A week later he died of gangrene
in a paupers' hospital.
576
00:42:41,684 --> 00:42:43,231
Alone.
577
00:43:22,100 --> 00:43:24,603
<i>His painting of The Dream</i>
578
00:43:24,727 --> 00:43:27,651
is in the Museum of Modern Art
in New York,
579
00:43:27,772 --> 00:43:30,150
valued at over a million dollars.
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