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An Inconvenient Truth 2006. English subtitles. Субтитры к фильму на английском языке.

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You look at that river

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gently flowing by.

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You notice the leaves

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rustling with the wind.

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You hear the birds.

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You hear the tree frogs.

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In the distance, you hear a cow.

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You feel the grass.

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The mud gives a little bit
on the river bank.

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It's quiet. It's peaceful.

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And all of a sudden,

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it's a gear shift inside you.

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And it's like taking a deep breath
and going,

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"Oh, yeah, I forgot about this."

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This is the first picture of the Earth
from space

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that any of us ever saw.

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It was taken on Christmas Eve, 1968

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during the Apollo 8 Mission.

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...within relatively comfortable
boundaries.

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But we are filling up that thin shell
of atmosphere with pollution.

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Ladies and gentlemen,
Mr. Al Gore.

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I am Al Gore.

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I used to be the next president
of the United States Of America.

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I don't find that particularly funny.

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I've been trying to tell this story
for a long time,

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and I feel as if I've failed to get
the message across.

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I was in politics for a long time
and I'm proud of my service.

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You gotta be kidding me.
This is a national disaster.

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Get every doggone Greyhound bus line
in the country,

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and get their... moving to
New Orleans.

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That's them thinking small, man,

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and this is a major, major, major deal.

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What do you need right now?

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There are good people,

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who are in politics in both parties

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who hold this at arm's length

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because if they acknowledge it
and recognize it,

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then the moral imperative to make
big changes

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is inescapable.

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...unless you fix the biggest damn crisis
in the history of this country.

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...scouted out landing spots
and they lost radio contact

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when they went around
the dark side of the moon.

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And there was inevitably
some suspense.

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Then when they came back
in radio contact,

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they looked up

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and they snapped this picture,
and it became known as Earth Rise.

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And that one picture exploded

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in the consciousness of humankind.

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It lead to dramatic changes.

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Within 18 months of this picture,

51
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the modern environmental movement
had begun.

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The next picture was taken on the last
of the Apollo missions,

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Apollo 17.

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00:04:59,000 --> 00:05:02,900
This one was taken
on December 11, 1972,

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00:05:03,000 --> 00:05:07,200
and it is the most commonly published
photograph in all of history.

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00:05:07,700 --> 00:05:11,700
And it's the only picture of the Earth
from space that we have

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where the sun was directly
behind the spacecraft

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so that the Earth is fully lit up
and not partly in darkness.

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The next image I'm gonna show you
has almost never been seen.

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It was taken by a spacecraft
called The Galileo

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that went out to explore
the solar system.

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And as it was leaving Earth's gravity,
it turned its cameras around

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and took a time lapse picture
of one day's worth of rotation,

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here compressed into 24 seconds.

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Isn't that beautiful?

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This image is a magical image in a way.

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It was made by a friend of mine,
Tom Van Sant.

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He took 3,000 separate
satellite pictures

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00:05:58,100 --> 00:06:02,600
taken over a three-year period,
digitally stitched together.

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And he chose images
that would give a cloud-free view

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of every square inch
of the Earth's surface.

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All of the land masses
accurately portrayed.

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When that's all spread out,
it becomes an iconic image.

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I show this because I wanna tell you
a story about two teachers I had.

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One that I didn't like that much,
the other who is a real hero to me.

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I had a grade school teacher
who taught geography

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by pulling a map of the world down
in front of the blackboard.

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I had a classmate in the sixth grade
who raised his hand

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and he pointed to the outline
of the east coast of South America

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and he pointed
to the west coast of Africa

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and he asked,
"Did they ever fit together?"

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and he asked,
"Did they ever fit together?"

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And the teacher said,

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"Of course not. That's the most
ridiculous thing I've ever heard."

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That student went on to become
a drug addict and a ne'er-do-well.

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The teacher went on to become
science advisor

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in the current administration.

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But, you know,
the teacher was actually reflecting

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the conclusion of the scientific
establishment of that time.

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Continents are so big,
obviously they don't move.

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But, actually, as we now know,
they did move.

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They moved apart from one another.

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But at one time they did,
in fact, fit together.

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But that assumption was a problem.

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It reflected the well-known wisdom

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that what gets us into trouble
is not what we don't know,

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it's what we know for sure
that just ain't so.

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This is actually an important point,
believe it or not,

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because there is another
such assumption

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that a lot of people have in their minds
right now about global warming

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that just ain't so.

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The assumption is something like this.
The Earth is so big

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we can't possibly have
any lasting harmful impact

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on the Earth's environment.

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00:08:12,500 --> 00:08:15,500
And maybe that was true at one time,
but it's not anymore.

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And one of the reasons
it's not true anymore

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is that the most vulnerable part
of the Earth's ecological system

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is the atmosphere.

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Vulnerable because it's so thin.

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My friend, the late Carl Sagan,
used to say,

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"If you had a big globe
with a coat of varnish on it,

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"the thickness of that varnish
relative to that globe

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"is pretty much the same

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"as the thickness
of the Earth's atmosphere

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"compared to the Earth itself."

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And it's thin enough

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that we are capable
of changing its composition.

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That brings up the basic science
of global warming.

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And I'm not gonna spend a lot of time
on this because you know it well.

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The sun's radiation comes in
in the form of light waves

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00:09:01,800 --> 00:09:03,200
and that heats up the Earth.

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00:09:03,300 --> 00:09:07,900
And then some of the radiation
that is absorbed and warms the Earth

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is reradiated back into space

124
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in the form of infrared radiation.

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And some of the outgoing
infrared radiation is trapped

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by this layer of atmosphere
and held inside the atmosphere.

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And that's a good thing because
it keeps the temperature of the Earth

128
00:09:25,800 --> 00:09:27,700
within certain boundaries,

129
00:09:27,800 --> 00:09:30,800
keeps it relatively constant and livable.

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But the problem is this thin layer
of atmosphere is being thickened

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by all of the global warming pollution
that's being put up there.

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And what that does is
it thickens this layer of atmosphere,

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more of the outgoing infrared is trapped.

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And so the atmosphere heats up
worldwide. That's global warming.

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Now, that's the traditional explanation.

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Here's what I think is
a better explanation.

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You're probably wondering
why your ice cream went away.

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Well, Susie, the culprit isn't foreigners.

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It's global warming.

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- Global...
- Yeah.

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Meet Mr. Sunbeam.

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He comes all the way from the sun
to visit Earth.

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Hello, Earth.
Just popping in to brighten your day.

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And now I'll be on my way.

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Not so fast, Sunbeam.

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We're greenhouse gases.
You ain't going nowhere.

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Oh, God, it hurts.

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Pretty soon, Earth is chock-full
of Sunbeams.

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Their rotting corpses heating
our atmosphere.

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How do we get rid
of the greenhouse grasses?

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00:11:05,400 --> 00:11:08,000
Fortunately, our handsomest politicians

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came up with a cheap, last-minute way
to combat global warming.

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Ever since 2063,

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we simply drop a giant ice cube
into the ocean every now and then.

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Just like Daddy puts in his drink
every morning.

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And then he gets mad.

157
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Of course, since the greenhouse gases
are still building up,

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it takes more and more ice each time.

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Thus, solving the problem
once and for all.

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- But...
- Once and for all!

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This is the image that started me

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in my interest in this issue.

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And I saw it
when I was a college student

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because I had a professor
named Roger Revelle

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who was the first person to propose
measuring carbon dioxide

166
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in the Earth's atmosphere.

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He saw where the story was going

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after the first few chapters.

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After the first few years of data,

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he intuited what it meant

171
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for what was yet to come.

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They designed the experiment in 1957.

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He hired Charles David Keeling

174
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who was very faithful and precise

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in making these measurements
for decades.

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They started sending
these weather balloons up every day

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and they chose the middle of the Pacific

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because it was the area
that was most remote.

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And he was a very hard-nosed scientist.

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He really emphasized the hard data.

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It was a wonderful time for me

182
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because, like a lot of young people,

183
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I came into contact
with intellectual ferment,

184
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ideas that I'd never considered

185
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in my wildest dreams before.

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And he showed our class

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the results of his measurements
after only a few years.

188
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It was startling to me.

189
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Now he was startled

190
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and made it clear to our class

191
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what he felt the significance of it was.

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And I just soaked it up like a sponge.

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He drew the connections

194
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between the larger changes
in our civilization

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and this pattern that was now visible

196
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in the atmosphere of the entire planet.

197
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And then he projected into the future
where this was headed

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unless we made some adjustments.

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And it was just as clear as day.

200
00:13:58,000 --> 00:14:00,500
After the first seven, eight, nine years,

201
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you could see the pattern
that was developing.

202
00:14:03,600 --> 00:14:04,900
But I asked a question.

203
00:14:05,000 --> 00:14:09,100
Why is it that it goes up and down
once each year?

204
00:14:09,200 --> 00:14:12,600
And he explained that if you look
at the land mass of the Earth,

205
00:14:12,700 --> 00:14:15,300
very little of it is south of the equator.

206
00:14:15,800 --> 00:14:18,600
The vast majority of it is
north of the equator,

207
00:14:18,700 --> 00:14:22,200
and most of the vegetation is
north of the equator.

208
00:14:22,400 --> 00:14:26,400
And so, when the Northern Hemisphere
is tilted toward the sun,

209
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as it is in our spring and summer,

210
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the leaves come out
and they breathe in carbon dioxide,

211
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and the amount in the atmosphere
goes down.

212
00:14:35,500 --> 00:14:38,800
But when the Northern Hemisphere is
tilted away from the sun,

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00:14:38,900 --> 00:14:41,200
as it is in our fall and winter,

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the leaves fall
and exhale carbon dioxide,

215
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and the amount in the atmosphere
goes back up again.

216
00:14:48,400 --> 00:14:51,000
And so, it's as if the entire Earth

217
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once each year breathes in and out.

218
00:14:56,300 --> 00:15:01,000
So we started measuring
carbon dioxide in 1958.

219
00:15:01,500 --> 00:15:03,100
And you can see

220
00:15:03,900 --> 00:15:07,400
that by the middle '60s,
when he showed my class this image,

221
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it was already clear that it was going up.

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I respected him and learned from him
so much, I followed this.

223
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And when I went to the Congress
in the middle 1970s,

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I helped to organize the first hearings
on global warming

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and asked my professor to come
and be the leadoff witness.

226
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And I thought that would have
such a big impact,

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we'd be on the way to solving
this problem, but it didn't work that way.

228
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But I kept having hearings.
And in 1984 I went to the Senate

229
00:15:33,700 --> 00:15:36,800
and really dug deeply into this issue

230
00:15:37,000 --> 00:15:39,000
with science roundtables and the like.

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I wrote a book about it,
ran for President in 1988,

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partly to try to gain some visibility
for that issue.

233
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And in 1992 went to the White House.
We passed a version of a carbon tax

234
00:15:50,500 --> 00:15:52,800
and some other measures
to try to address this.

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Went to Kyoto in 1997
to help get a treaty

236
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that's so controversial,
in the US at least.

237
00:16:00,100 --> 00:16:02,100
In 2000,

238
00:16:02,200 --> 00:16:06,200
my opponent pledged to regulate CO2
and then...

239
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That was not a pledge that was kept.

240
00:16:09,000 --> 00:16:11,400
But the point of this is

241
00:16:11,800 --> 00:16:14,200
all this time you can see

242
00:16:14,500 --> 00:16:17,100
what I have seen all these years.

243
00:16:17,200 --> 00:16:20,300
It just keeps going up. It is relentless.

244
00:16:20,700 --> 00:16:24,300
And now we're beginning to see
the impact in the real world.

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This is Mount Kilimanjaro
more than 30 years ago

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00:16:28,200 --> 00:16:29,600
and more recently.

247
00:16:29,700 --> 00:16:32,800
And a friend of mine just came back
from Kilimanjaro

248
00:16:32,900 --> 00:16:35,700
with a picture he took
a couple of months ago.

249
00:16:35,800 --> 00:16:38,800
Another friend, Lonnie Thompson,
studies glaciers.

250
00:16:38,900 --> 00:16:43,600
Here's Lonnie with a last sliver
of one of the once mighty glaciers.

251
00:16:44,100 --> 00:16:48,400
Within the decade there will be
no more snows of Kilimanjaro.

252
00:16:49,500 --> 00:16:52,300
This is happening
in Glacier National Park.

253
00:16:52,500 --> 00:16:56,200
I climbed to the top of this in 1998
with one of my daughters.

254
00:16:56,300 --> 00:16:59,300
Within 15 years, this will be the park
formerly known as Glacier.

255
00:17:00,500 --> 00:17:04,700
Here is what's been happening
year by year to the Columbia Glacier.

256
00:17:04,800 --> 00:17:07,800
It just retreats every single year.

257
00:17:08,200 --> 00:17:11,200
And it's a shame
'cause these glaciers are so beautiful.

258
00:17:11,300 --> 00:17:13,700
But those who go up to see them,

259
00:17:14,400 --> 00:17:17,200
here's what they're seeing every day,
now.

260
00:17:29,100 --> 00:17:31,800
In the Himalayas
there's a particular problem

261
00:17:31,900 --> 00:17:34,800
because 40% of all the people
in the world

262
00:17:35,300 --> 00:17:38,500
get their drinking water
from rivers and spring systems

263
00:17:38,600 --> 00:17:42,400
that are fed more than half
by the melt water

264
00:17:42,500 --> 00:17:44,100
coming off the glaciers.

265
00:17:44,200 --> 00:17:48,800
And within this next half century
those 40% of the people on Earth

266
00:17:49,000 --> 00:17:51,800
are gonna face a very serious shortage

267
00:17:51,900 --> 00:17:54,200
because of this melting.

268
00:17:55,000 --> 00:17:57,100
Italy, the Italian Alps.

269
00:17:57,500 --> 00:17:59,000
Same sight today.

270
00:17:59,300 --> 00:18:01,300
An old postcard from Switzerland.

271
00:18:02,500 --> 00:18:05,500
Throughout the Alps,
we're seeing the same story.

272
00:18:05,600 --> 00:18:07,800
It's also true in South America.

273
00:18:07,900 --> 00:18:10,600
This is Peru 15 years ago.

274
00:18:10,700 --> 00:18:13,000
And the same glacier today.

275
00:18:13,100 --> 00:18:17,200
This is Argentina 20 years ago.
Same glacier today.

276
00:18:18,400 --> 00:18:23,400
Seventy-five years ago in Patagonia
on the tip of South America.

277
00:18:23,500 --> 00:18:27,700
This vast expanse of ice is now gone.

278
00:18:28,800 --> 00:18:30,500
There's a message in this.

279
00:18:30,500 --> 00:18:30,900
There's a message in this.

280
00:18:31,000 --> 00:18:32,400
It is worldwide.

281
00:18:33,100 --> 00:18:35,600
And the ice has stories to tell us.

282
00:18:35,700 --> 00:18:39,200
My friend, Lonnie Thompson,
digs core drills in the ice.

283
00:18:39,300 --> 00:18:40,700
They dig down

284
00:18:40,800 --> 00:18:44,100
and they bring the core drills back up
and they look at the ice

285
00:18:44,200 --> 00:18:45,800
and they study it.

286
00:18:46,200 --> 00:18:50,000
When the snow falls,
it traps little bubbles of atmosphere

287
00:18:50,500 --> 00:18:52,600
and they can go in and measure

288
00:18:52,700 --> 00:18:57,000
how much CO2 was in the atmosphere
the year that that snow fell.

289
00:18:57,200 --> 00:18:59,700
What's even more interesting, I think, is

290
00:18:59,800 --> 00:19:03,600
they can measure
the different isotopes of oxygen

291
00:19:03,700 --> 00:19:07,000
and figure out
a very precise thermometer

292
00:19:07,100 --> 00:19:09,500
and tell you what the temperature was

293
00:19:09,600 --> 00:19:14,200
the year that that bubble was trapped
in the snow as it fell.

294
00:19:14,800 --> 00:19:18,000
When I was in Antarctica,
I saw cores like this.

295
00:19:18,100 --> 00:19:20,500
And a guy looked at it. He said,

296
00:19:20,600 --> 00:19:24,100
"Right here is where the US Congress
passed the Clean Air Act."

297
00:19:24,200 --> 00:19:25,500
And I couldn't believe it.

298
00:19:25,600 --> 00:19:27,600
But you can see the difference
with the naked eye.

299
00:19:27,800 --> 00:19:30,600
Just a couple of years
after that law was passed,

300
00:19:30,700 --> 00:19:33,000
it's very clearly distinguishable.

301
00:19:33,100 --> 00:19:36,200
They can count back year by year

302
00:19:36,300 --> 00:19:39,000
the same way a forester reads
tree rings.

303
00:19:39,100 --> 00:19:43,300
And you can see each annual layer
from the melting and re-freezing,

304
00:19:43,500 --> 00:19:47,800
so they can go back in a lot of these
mountain glaciers 1,000 years.

305
00:19:48,000 --> 00:19:51,400
And they constructed a thermometer
of the temperature.

306
00:19:51,700 --> 00:19:55,500
The blue is cold and the red is warm.

307
00:19:55,900 --> 00:19:58,800
Now, I show this
for a couple of reasons.

308
00:19:59,200 --> 00:20:03,800
Number one, the so-called skeptics
will sometimes say,

309
00:20:04,000 --> 00:20:07,500
"Oh, this whole thing,
this is a cyclical phenomenon.

310
00:20:07,600 --> 00:20:10,600
"There was a medieval warming period,
after all."

311
00:20:10,700 --> 00:20:14,000
Well, yeah, there was.
There it is, right there.

312
00:20:15,900 --> 00:20:17,300
There are two others.

313
00:20:17,400 --> 00:20:19,900
But compared to what's going on now,

314
00:20:20,500 --> 00:20:22,000
there's just no comparison.

315
00:20:22,400 --> 00:20:25,600
So if you look at 1,000 years'
worth of temperature

316
00:20:26,300 --> 00:20:29,200
and compare it to 1,000 years of CO2,

317
00:20:29,800 --> 00:20:33,400
you can see how closely
they fit together.

318
00:20:34,100 --> 00:20:37,900
Now, 1,000 years of CO2
in the mountain glaciers,

319
00:20:38,000 --> 00:20:39,000
that's one thing.

320
00:20:39,100 --> 00:20:43,900
But in Antarctica,
they can go back 650,000 years.

321
00:20:46,400 --> 00:20:49,000
This incidentally is the first time

322
00:20:49,100 --> 00:20:53,700
anybody outside of a small group
of scientists has seen this image.

323
00:20:55,000 --> 00:20:57,800
This is the present day era,

324
00:20:58,000 --> 00:21:00,200
and that's the last ice age.

325
00:21:00,900 --> 00:21:04,700
Then it goes up. We're going back
in time now 650,000 years.

326
00:21:04,800 --> 00:21:08,000
That's the period of warming
between the last two ice ages.

327
00:21:08,100 --> 00:21:11,300
That's the second
and third ice age back.

328
00:21:11,600 --> 00:21:14,300
Fourth, fifth, sixth

329
00:21:14,700 --> 00:21:16,800
and seventh ice age back.

330
00:21:17,300 --> 00:21:19,300
Now, an important point.

331
00:21:19,800 --> 00:21:24,400
In all of this time, 650,000 years,

332
00:21:25,000 --> 00:21:27,900
the CO2 level has never gone above

333
00:21:28,000 --> 00:21:30,800
300 parts per million.

334
00:21:31,100 --> 00:21:33,300
Now, as I said,
they can also measure temperature.

335
00:21:33,400 --> 00:21:37,200
Here's what the temperature
has been on our Earth.

336
00:21:38,900 --> 00:21:41,800
Now, one thing that kind of jumps out
at you is...

337
00:21:42,100 --> 00:21:46,000
Well, let me put it this way.
If my classmate from the sixth grade

338
00:21:46,100 --> 00:21:48,700
that talked about Africa
and South America were here,

339
00:21:48,800 --> 00:21:51,800
he would say,
"Did they ever fit together?"

340
00:21:53,000 --> 00:21:55,000
"Most ridiculous thing I've ever heard."

341
00:21:55,800 --> 00:21:57,600
But they did, of course.

342
00:21:57,700 --> 00:22:01,100
And the relationship is
actually very complicated.

343
00:22:01,500 --> 00:22:04,900
But there is one relationship
that is far more powerful

344
00:22:05,000 --> 00:22:06,900
than all the others and it is this.

345
00:22:07,000 --> 00:22:11,400
When there is more carbon dioxide,
the temperature gets warmer

346
00:22:11,800 --> 00:22:15,000
because it traps more heat
from the sun inside.

347
00:22:15,400 --> 00:22:19,300
In the parts of the United States
that contain the modern cities

348
00:22:19,500 --> 00:22:23,400
of Cleveland, Detroit, New York,
in the northern tier,

349
00:22:24,000 --> 00:22:27,500
this is the difference between a nice day

350
00:22:28,100 --> 00:22:31,600
and having a mile of ice over your head.

351
00:22:32,400 --> 00:22:35,700
Keep that in mind
when you look at this fact.

352
00:22:36,600 --> 00:22:38,300
Carbon dioxide,

353
00:22:38,600 --> 00:22:42,400
having never gone above
300 parts per million,

354
00:22:42,500 --> 00:22:45,100
here is where CO2 is now.

355
00:22:49,500 --> 00:22:52,300
Way above where it's ever been

356
00:22:52,400 --> 00:22:54,900
as far back as this record will measure.

357
00:22:55,000 --> 00:22:58,200
Now, if you'll bear with me,
I wanna really emphasize this point.

358
00:22:58,300 --> 00:23:00,400
The crew here

359
00:23:01,200 --> 00:23:04,200
has tried to teach me
how to use this contraption here.

360
00:23:04,300 --> 00:23:06,600
So, if I don't kill myself, I'll...

361
00:23:14,600 --> 00:23:17,300
It's already right here.

362
00:23:18,800 --> 00:23:22,500
Look how far above
the natural cycle this is,

363
00:23:22,600 --> 00:23:24,400
and we've done that.

364
00:23:25,400 --> 00:23:28,200
But, ladies and gentlemen,
in the next 50 years,

365
00:23:28,300 --> 00:23:30,400
really, in less than 50 years,

366
00:23:31,000 --> 00:23:33,200
it's gonna continue to go up.

367
00:23:33,300 --> 00:23:36,900
When some of these children
who are here are my age,

368
00:23:37,400 --> 00:23:41,000
here is what it's going to be
in less than 50 years.

369
00:23:48,000 --> 00:23:50,400
You've heard of off the charts.

370
00:23:53,000 --> 00:23:55,800
Within less than 50 years, it'll be here.

371
00:23:57,400 --> 00:24:00,600
There's not a single fact
or date or number

372
00:24:00,700 --> 00:24:04,000
that's been used to make this up
that's in any controversy.

373
00:24:04,300 --> 00:24:07,500
The so-called skeptics look at this
and they say,

374
00:24:08,100 --> 00:24:09,000
"So? That seems perfectly okay."

375
00:24:09,000 --> 00:24:11,800
"So? That seems perfectly okay."

376
00:24:18,200 --> 00:24:19,400
Well,

377
00:24:20,700 --> 00:24:24,300
again, if on the temperature side,

378
00:24:24,600 --> 00:24:29,600
if this much on the cold side is
a mile of ice over our heads,

379
00:24:30,900 --> 00:24:35,100
what would that much
on the warm side be?

380
00:24:36,800 --> 00:24:41,500
Ultimately this is really not
a political issue

381
00:24:41,600 --> 00:24:44,100
so much as a moral issue.

382
00:24:44,500 --> 00:24:46,900
If we allow that to happen,

383
00:24:47,200 --> 00:24:50,100
it is deeply unethical.

384
00:24:52,700 --> 00:24:55,900
I had such faith
in our democratic system,

385
00:24:56,000 --> 00:24:57,800
our self-government.

386
00:24:58,200 --> 00:25:01,700
I actually thought and believed

387
00:25:02,400 --> 00:25:06,800
that the story would be compelling
enough to cause a real sea change

388
00:25:07,000 --> 00:25:10,400
in the way the Congress reacted
to that issue.

389
00:25:10,500 --> 00:25:13,100
I thought they would be startled, too.

390
00:25:13,900 --> 00:25:15,600
And they weren't.

391
00:25:19,500 --> 00:25:21,000
The struggles,

392
00:25:21,600 --> 00:25:26,100
the victories that aren't really victories,
the defeats that aren't really defeats.

393
00:25:27,000 --> 00:25:31,200
They can serve to magnify
the significance

394
00:25:31,300 --> 00:25:33,900
of some trivial step forward,

395
00:25:34,900 --> 00:25:39,200
exaggerate the seeming importance

396
00:25:39,300 --> 00:25:41,500
of some massive setback.

397
00:25:45,800 --> 00:25:48,200
April 3, 1989.

398
00:25:49,800 --> 00:25:52,500
My son pulled loose from my hand

399
00:25:52,600 --> 00:25:54,900
and chased his friend across the street.

400
00:25:57,500 --> 00:25:59,300
He was six years old.

401
00:26:02,400 --> 00:26:04,900
The machine was breathing for him.

402
00:26:08,700 --> 00:26:11,700
We were possibly going to lose him.

403
00:26:16,200 --> 00:26:19,300
He finally took a breath.

404
00:26:22,400 --> 00:26:25,400
We stayed in the hospital for a month.

405
00:26:27,600 --> 00:26:29,900
It was almost as if

406
00:26:31,100 --> 00:26:34,200
you could look at that calendar
and just go...

407
00:26:35,000 --> 00:26:37,400
And everything just flew off.

408
00:26:37,700 --> 00:26:40,000
Seemed trivial, insignificant.

409
00:26:41,700 --> 00:26:43,700
He was so brave. He was such...

410
00:26:44,100 --> 00:26:47,300
He was such a brave guy.

411
00:26:50,000 --> 00:26:52,900
It just turned my whole world
upside down

412
00:26:53,000 --> 00:26:56,200
and then shook it
until everything fell out.

413
00:26:57,900 --> 00:27:02,700
My way of being in the world,
it just changed everything for me.

414
00:27:03,100 --> 00:27:06,000
How should I spend my time
on this Earth?

415
00:27:11,800 --> 00:27:13,400
I really dug in,

416
00:27:14,300 --> 00:27:18,000
trying to learn about it
much more deeply.

417
00:27:18,100 --> 00:27:20,100
I went to Antarctica.

418
00:27:20,300 --> 00:27:23,000
Went to the South Pole, the North Pole,
the Amazon.

419
00:27:23,100 --> 00:27:27,500
Went to places where scientists
could help me understand

420
00:27:28,100 --> 00:27:30,100
parts of the issue that

421
00:27:30,700 --> 00:27:33,400
I didn't really understand in depth.

422
00:27:37,700 --> 00:27:41,100
The possibility of losing
what was most precious to me.

423
00:27:42,300 --> 00:27:45,400
I gained an ability

424
00:27:47,300 --> 00:27:50,500
that maybe I didn't have before.

425
00:27:51,700 --> 00:27:53,500
But when I felt it,

426
00:27:53,700 --> 00:27:57,700
I felt that we could really lose it,

427
00:28:00,000 --> 00:28:04,400
that what we take for granted
might not be here for our children.

428
00:28:07,200 --> 00:28:09,900
These are actual measurements
of atmospheric temperatures

429
00:28:10,000 --> 00:28:11,700
since our Civil War.

430
00:28:12,300 --> 00:28:15,500
In any given year,
it might look like it's going down,

431
00:28:15,600 --> 00:28:18,300
but the overall trend is extremely clear.

432
00:28:18,400 --> 00:28:20,200
And in recent years,

433
00:28:20,300 --> 00:28:23,900
it's uninterrupted and it is intensifying.

434
00:28:25,000 --> 00:28:28,900
In fact, if you look at the 10 hottest
years ever measured

435
00:28:29,100 --> 00:28:31,000
in this atmospheric record,

436
00:28:31,100 --> 00:28:33,900
they've all occurred in the last 14 years.

437
00:28:34,300 --> 00:28:37,900
And the hottest of all was 2005.

438
00:28:38,900 --> 00:28:42,100
We have already seen
some of the heat waves

439
00:28:42,200 --> 00:28:44,400
that are similar
to what scientists are saying

440
00:28:44,500 --> 00:28:46,100
are gonna be a lot more common.

441
00:28:46,200 --> 00:28:49,800
Couple of years ago in Europe
they had that massive heat wave

442
00:28:49,900 --> 00:28:52,400
that killed 35,000 people.

443
00:28:53,600 --> 00:28:56,400
India didn't get as much attention,

444
00:28:56,500 --> 00:28:59,100
but the same year
the temperature there went

445
00:28:59,200 --> 00:29:02,400
to 122 degrees Fahrenheit.

446
00:29:02,900 --> 00:29:04,900
This past summer
in the American West,

447
00:29:05,000 --> 00:29:08,800
there were a lot of cities that broke
all-time records for high temperatures

448
00:29:08,900 --> 00:29:13,800
and number of consecutive days
with a 100-degree temperature or more.

449
00:29:14,400 --> 00:29:18,800
Two hundred cities and towns
in the west set all-time records.

450
00:29:19,100 --> 00:29:23,300
And in the east there were a lot of cities
that did the same thing.

451
00:29:23,400 --> 00:29:26,400
Including, incidentally, New Orleans.

452
00:29:27,100 --> 00:29:30,700
So the temperature increases are
taking place all over the world,

453
00:29:30,900 --> 00:29:32,800
including in the oceans.

454
00:29:33,100 --> 00:29:37,400
This is the natural range of variability
for temperature in the oceans.

455
00:29:37,500 --> 00:29:39,200
You know, people say,
"Oh, it's just natural.

456
00:29:39,300 --> 00:29:41,600
"It goes up and down,
so don't worry about it."

457
00:29:41,700 --> 00:29:45,900
This is the range that would be
expected over the last 60 years,

458
00:29:46,100 --> 00:29:49,900
but the scientists who specialize in
global warming have computer models

459
00:29:50,000 --> 00:29:54,700
that long ago predicted
this range of temperature increase.

460
00:29:55,700 --> 00:29:58,000
Now I'm gonna show you,
recently released,

461
00:29:58,100 --> 00:30:01,300
the actual ocean temperatures.

462
00:30:02,300 --> 00:30:06,600
And, of course, when the oceans get
warmer, that causes stronger storms.

463
00:30:07,100 --> 00:30:09,700
We have seen
in the last couple of years

464
00:30:09,800 --> 00:30:11,600
a lot of big hurricanes.

465
00:30:11,700 --> 00:30:16,000
Hurricane Jeanne and Frances
and Ivan were among them.

466
00:30:16,600 --> 00:30:20,400
And the same year that we had
that string of big hurricanes,

467
00:30:20,500 --> 00:30:24,100
we also set an all-time record
for tornadoes in the United States.

468
00:30:24,400 --> 00:30:28,400
Japan again didn't get
as much attention in our news media,

469
00:30:28,500 --> 00:30:31,400
but they set an all-time record
for typhoons.

470
00:30:31,500 --> 00:30:32,700
Previous record was seven.

471
00:30:32,800 --> 00:30:36,600
Here are all 10 of the ones
they had in 2004.

472
00:30:37,100 --> 00:30:39,400
The science textbooks have had
to be rewritten

473
00:30:39,500 --> 00:30:43,000
because they say that it's impossible to
have a hurricane in the South Atlantic.

474
00:30:43,100 --> 00:30:45,900
But the same year the first one ever
hit Brazil.

475
00:30:46,000 --> 00:30:49,100
Summer of 2005 has been
one for the books.

476
00:30:49,500 --> 00:30:52,800
The first one was Emily
that socked into Yucatбn.

477
00:30:53,300 --> 00:30:56,900
Then Hurricane Dennis came along
and it did a lot of damage,

478
00:30:57,000 --> 00:30:58,800
including to the oil industry.

479
00:30:58,900 --> 00:31:03,300
This is the largest oil platform
in the world after Dennis went through.

480
00:31:03,400 --> 00:31:06,200
This one was driven into the bridge
at Mobile.

481
00:31:06,700 --> 00:31:09,500
And then, of course, came Katrina.

482
00:31:10,400 --> 00:31:14,700
It's worth remembering that when
it hit Florida, it was a Category One.

483
00:31:15,200 --> 00:31:18,900
But it killed a lot of people and caused
billions of dollars' worth of damage.

484
00:31:19,000 --> 00:31:20,900
And then what happened?

485
00:31:21,300 --> 00:31:23,300
Before it hit New Orleans,

486
00:31:23,400 --> 00:31:26,500
it went over warmer waters.

487
00:31:26,600 --> 00:31:29,400
As the water temperature increases,

488
00:31:29,800 --> 00:31:32,200
the wind velocity increases

489
00:31:32,300 --> 00:31:35,300
and the moisture content increases.

490
00:31:35,700 --> 00:31:38,800
And you'll see Hurricane Katrina
form over Florida.

491
00:31:38,900 --> 00:31:42,300
And then as it comes into the gulf
over that warm water,

492
00:31:42,500 --> 00:31:46,300
it picks up that energy and gets
stronger and stronger and stronger.

493
00:31:46,400 --> 00:31:48,300
Look at that hurricane's eye.

494
00:31:48,400 --> 00:31:52,900
And, of course,
the consequences were so horrendous,

495
00:31:53,700 --> 00:31:56,700
there are no words to describe it.

496
00:32:21,100 --> 00:32:24,300
Yeah, we're getting reports and calls
that are just breaking my heart.

497
00:32:24,400 --> 00:32:28,700
From people saying, "I've been
in my attic. I can't take it anymore.

498
00:32:28,800 --> 00:32:33,000
"The water is up to my neck.
I don't think I can hold out."

499
00:32:33,400 --> 00:32:35,700
And that's happening as we speak.

500
00:32:35,800 --> 00:32:39,900
We told everybody the importance
of the 17th Street Canal issue.

501
00:32:40,100 --> 00:32:42,800
We said,
"Please, please, take care of this.

502
00:32:42,900 --> 00:32:45,200
"We don't care what you do.
Figure it out."

503
00:32:52,900 --> 00:32:55,200
Something new for America.

504
00:32:58,100 --> 00:33:02,400
But how in God's name
could that happen here?

505
00:33:05,100 --> 00:33:08,900
There had been warnings
that hurricanes would get stronger.

506
00:33:09,800 --> 00:33:12,700
There were warnings
that this hurricane,

507
00:33:12,800 --> 00:33:15,900
days before it hit,
would breach the levees,

508
00:33:16,000 --> 00:33:19,900
would cause the kind of damage
that it ultimately did cause.

509
00:33:20,400 --> 00:33:24,300
And one question
we as a people need to decide

510
00:33:24,700 --> 00:33:28,400
is how we react when we hear warnings

511
00:33:28,500 --> 00:33:31,300
from the leading scientists in the world.

512
00:33:32,200 --> 00:33:36,100
There was another storm in the 1930s
of a different kind.

513
00:33:36,800 --> 00:33:40,800
A horrible, unprecedented storm
in continental Europe,

514
00:33:40,900 --> 00:33:45,100
and Winston Churchill warned
the people of England

515
00:33:46,800 --> 00:33:50,400
that it was different from anything
that had ever happened before

516
00:33:50,500 --> 00:33:52,900
and they had to get ready for it.

517
00:33:53,100 --> 00:33:56,800
And a lot of people did not want
to believe it.

518
00:33:56,900 --> 00:33:59,800
And he got real impatient
with all the dithering.

519
00:34:00,000 --> 00:34:01,000
And he said this,

520
00:34:18,000 --> 00:34:21,900
Making mistakes in generations
and centuries past

521
00:34:22,100 --> 00:34:25,300
would have consequences
that we could overcome.

522
00:34:26,400 --> 00:34:28,900
We don't have that luxury anymore.

523
00:34:29,100 --> 00:34:31,000
We didn't ask for it,

524
00:34:32,200 --> 00:34:33,700
but here it is.

525
00:34:34,200 --> 00:34:37,100
Al Gore is the winner
of the national popular vote.

526
00:34:37,200 --> 00:34:41,500
But the state of Florida, whomever
wins there wins the White House.

527
00:34:41,600 --> 00:34:43,500
We call Florida, in the Al Gore column...

528
00:34:43,600 --> 00:34:47,300
Bulletin: Florida pulled back
into the undecided column.

529
00:34:47,400 --> 00:34:50,400
George Bush is the president elect
of the United States. He is...

530
00:34:50,500 --> 00:34:53,800
Florida goes Bush.
The presidency is Bush. That's it.

531
00:34:53,900 --> 00:34:56,700
And at 2:18 this morning, we project...

532
00:34:57,000 --> 00:35:00,900
All right, we're officially saying
that Florida is too close to call.

533
00:35:25,800 --> 00:35:28,700
While I strongly disagree
with the court's decision,

534
00:35:29,900 --> 00:35:31,100
I accept it.

535
00:35:31,400 --> 00:35:34,100
I accept the finality of this outcome.

536
00:35:43,100 --> 00:35:44,200
...do solemnly swear...

537
00:35:44,300 --> 00:35:46,600
I, George Walker Bush,
do solemnly swear...

538
00:35:46,700 --> 00:35:49,300
...that I will faithfully execute
the Office of President...

539
00:36:01,100 --> 00:36:04,300
Well, that was a hard blow, but...

540
00:36:06,900 --> 00:36:09,100
What do you do? You...

541
00:36:11,600 --> 00:36:13,600
You make the best of it.

542
00:36:24,700 --> 00:36:28,400
It brought into clear focus

543
00:36:28,500 --> 00:36:32,800
the mission that I had been pursuing

544
00:36:32,900 --> 00:36:35,000
for all these years, and

545
00:36:37,100 --> 00:36:41,100
I started giving the slide show again.

546
00:36:48,300 --> 00:36:51,300
One often unnoticed effect
of global warming

547
00:36:51,400 --> 00:36:53,500
is it causes more precipitation,

548
00:36:53,600 --> 00:36:56,900
but more of it coming
in one-time big storm events.

549
00:36:57,200 --> 00:37:00,900
Because the evaporation off the oceans
puts all the moisture up there,

550
00:37:01,000 --> 00:37:04,400
when storm conditions trigger
the downpour, more of it falls down.

551
00:37:04,500 --> 00:37:04,500
when storm conditions trigger
the downpour, more of it falls down.

552
00:37:04,900 --> 00:37:08,000
The insurance industry has
actually noticed this.

553
00:37:08,100 --> 00:37:10,800
Their recovered losses are going up.

554
00:37:10,900 --> 00:37:13,200
You see the damage
from these severe weather events?

555
00:37:13,300 --> 00:37:16,400
And 2005 is not even on this yet.

556
00:37:17,000 --> 00:37:20,100
When it does, it'll be off that chart.

557
00:37:20,600 --> 00:37:24,900
Europe has just had a year very similar
to the one we've had

558
00:37:25,000 --> 00:37:28,100
where they say
nature's been going crazy.

559
00:37:28,200 --> 00:37:31,000
All kinds of unusual catastrophes,

560
00:37:31,100 --> 00:37:33,600
like a nature hike
through the Book of Revelations.

561
00:37:35,000 --> 00:37:36,700
Flooding in Asia.

562
00:37:36,800 --> 00:37:39,800
Mumbai, India this past July.

563
00:37:39,900 --> 00:37:43,000
Thirty-seven inches of rain in 24 hours.

564
00:37:43,500 --> 00:37:46,500
By far, the largest downpour

565
00:37:46,700 --> 00:37:49,400
that any city in India has ever received.

566
00:37:50,400 --> 00:37:52,700
Lot of flooding in China, also.

567
00:37:53,100 --> 00:37:57,500
Global warming, paradoxically,
causes not only more flooding,

568
00:37:57,900 --> 00:37:59,900
but also more drought.

569
00:38:00,000 --> 00:38:03,500
This neighboring province
right next door

570
00:38:03,700 --> 00:38:08,000
had a severe drought at the same time
these areas were flooding.

571
00:38:08,900 --> 00:38:11,700
One of the reasons for this
has to do with the fact

572
00:38:11,800 --> 00:38:16,700
that global warming not only increases
precipitation worldwide,

573
00:38:16,800 --> 00:38:20,000
but it also relocates the precipitation.

574
00:38:20,200 --> 00:38:24,100
And focus most of all
on this part of Africa

575
00:38:24,200 --> 00:38:26,600
just on the edge of the Sahara.

576
00:38:27,100 --> 00:38:30,100
Unbelievable tragedies have been
unfolding there,

577
00:38:30,200 --> 00:38:32,800
and there are a lot of reasons for it.

578
00:38:33,200 --> 00:38:38,100
But Darfur and Niger are
among those tragedies.

579
00:38:38,600 --> 00:38:42,200
And one of the factors
that has been compounding them

580
00:38:42,300 --> 00:38:45,400
is the lack of rainfall
and the increasing drought.

581
00:38:45,800 --> 00:38:50,400
This is Lake Chad, once one
of the largest lakes in the world.

582
00:38:51,200 --> 00:38:55,900
It has dried up over the last
few decades to almost nothing,

583
00:38:56,200 --> 00:38:59,900
vastly complicating the other problems
that they also have.

584
00:39:00,400 --> 00:39:02,200
The second reason

585
00:39:02,400 --> 00:39:05,500
why this is a paradox.

586
00:39:05,900 --> 00:39:09,400
Global warming creates
more evaporation off the oceans

587
00:39:09,500 --> 00:39:11,000
to seed the clouds,

588
00:39:11,100 --> 00:39:14,300
but it sucks moisture out of the soil.

589
00:39:15,000 --> 00:39:18,800
Soil evaporation increases dramatically

590
00:39:18,900 --> 00:39:20,800
with higher temperatures.

591
00:39:21,100 --> 00:39:25,300
And that has consequences
for us in the United States, as well.

592
00:39:26,500 --> 00:39:28,900
So this is the Carthage exit.

593
00:39:30,100 --> 00:39:33,500
When I was 14 years old,
I totaled the family car

594
00:39:35,200 --> 00:39:36,600
right there.

595
00:39:37,500 --> 00:39:40,500
Went off that shoulder, turned it over.

596
00:39:41,500 --> 00:39:44,600
And see this Black Angus bull?

597
00:39:45,100 --> 00:39:47,400
We raised Black Angus.

598
00:39:51,100 --> 00:39:53,900
My father was named
Breeder of the Month.

599
00:39:56,000 --> 00:39:58,000
He grew up on a farm.

600
00:39:59,900 --> 00:40:02,700
All through his career in the Senate

601
00:40:02,900 --> 00:40:05,800
he continued to come back here
and raise cattle.

602
00:40:06,700 --> 00:40:10,500
Learning it from your dad on the land,

603
00:40:13,100 --> 00:40:15,500
that's really something special.

604
00:40:17,100 --> 00:40:21,800
My childhood upbringing was
a little unusual in the sense that

605
00:40:23,100 --> 00:40:26,900
I spent eight months of each year
in Washington DC

606
00:40:27,000 --> 00:40:30,100
in a small little hotel apartment.

607
00:40:31,100 --> 00:40:35,500
And then the other four months were
spent here on this big, beautiful farm.

608
00:40:37,500 --> 00:40:39,100
I had a dog here.

609
00:40:40,200 --> 00:40:41,900
I had a pony here.

610
00:40:42,700 --> 00:40:44,800
I could shoot my rifle here.

611
00:40:44,900 --> 00:40:48,400
I could go swimming in the river here.

612
00:40:49,000 --> 00:40:52,400
Go out and lay down in the grass.

613
00:40:59,200 --> 00:41:02,400
As a kid, it took me a while

614
00:41:02,500 --> 00:41:05,500
to learn the difference
between fun and work.

615
00:41:11,900 --> 00:41:14,700
The places where people live
were chosen

616
00:41:15,200 --> 00:41:17,700
because of the climate pattern

617
00:41:17,800 --> 00:41:21,900
that has been pretty much the same
on Earth

618
00:41:22,000 --> 00:41:25,600
since the end of the last ice age
11,000 years ago.

619
00:41:27,500 --> 00:41:31,000
Here, on this farm,
the patterns are changing.

620
00:41:31,800 --> 00:41:35,000
And it seems gradual
in the course of a human lifetime

621
00:41:35,100 --> 00:41:39,400
but in the course of time,
as defined by this river,

622
00:41:40,100 --> 00:41:43,900
it's happening very, very quickly.

623
00:41:46,500 --> 00:41:48,200
Two canaries in the coal mine.

624
00:41:49,000 --> 00:41:51,000
First one is in the Arctic.

625
00:41:51,100 --> 00:41:54,400
This, of course, is the Arctic Ocean,
the floating ice cap.

626
00:41:54,600 --> 00:41:57,000
Greenland, on its side there.

627
00:41:57,600 --> 00:41:59,000
I say canary in the coal mine

628
00:41:59,100 --> 00:42:02,100
because the Arctic is
one of the two regions of the world

629
00:42:02,200 --> 00:42:06,000
that is experiencing faster impacts

630
00:42:06,100 --> 00:42:07,500
from global warming.

631
00:42:07,600 --> 00:42:07,600
from global warming.

632
00:42:07,700 --> 00:42:10,800
This is the largest ice shelf
in the Arctic,

633
00:42:10,900 --> 00:42:12,900
the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf.

634
00:42:13,000 --> 00:42:14,800
It just cracked in half three years ago.

635
00:42:15,000 --> 00:42:17,000
The scientists were astonished.

636
00:42:17,700 --> 00:42:21,200
These are called drunken trees
just going every which way.

637
00:42:21,300 --> 00:42:24,700
This is not caused by wind damage
or alcohol consumption.

638
00:42:24,800 --> 00:42:29,300
These trees put their roots down
in the permafrost,

639
00:42:30,000 --> 00:42:31,800
and the permafrost is thawing.

640
00:42:31,900 --> 00:42:34,900
And so they just go
every which way now.

641
00:42:35,300 --> 00:42:38,200
This building was built
on the permafrost

642
00:42:38,300 --> 00:42:41,000
and has collapsed
as the permafrost thaws.

643
00:42:41,200 --> 00:42:44,400
This woman's house has had
to be abandoned.

644
00:42:44,900 --> 00:42:49,000
The pipeline is suffering
a great deal of structural damage.

645
00:42:49,400 --> 00:42:54,000
And incidentally, the oil that they want
to produce in that protected area

646
00:42:54,200 --> 00:42:56,700
in Northern Alaska,
which I hope they don't,

647
00:42:56,800 --> 00:43:00,400
they have to depend on trucks
to go in and out of there.

648
00:43:00,500 --> 00:43:03,500
And the trucks go over
the frozen ground.

649
00:43:04,100 --> 00:43:08,400
This shows the number of days
that the tundra in Alaska is

650
00:43:08,500 --> 00:43:10,400
frozen enough to drive on it.

651
00:43:10,500 --> 00:43:15,000
Thirty-five years ago, 225 days a year.

652
00:43:15,600 --> 00:43:18,700
Now it's below 75 days a year

653
00:43:19,200 --> 00:43:23,300
because the spring comes earlier
and the fall comes later

654
00:43:23,400 --> 00:43:26,100
and the temperatures
just keep on going up.

655
00:43:26,800 --> 00:43:28,500
I went up to the North Pole.

656
00:43:28,700 --> 00:43:31,900
I went under that ice cap
in a nuclear submarine

657
00:43:32,200 --> 00:43:35,100
that surfaced through the ice like this.

658
00:43:35,400 --> 00:43:38,800
Since they started patrolling in 1957,

659
00:43:38,900 --> 00:43:41,300
they have gone under the ice

660
00:43:41,400 --> 00:43:44,300
and measured
with their radar looking upwards

661
00:43:44,600 --> 00:43:46,000
to measure how thick it is

662
00:43:46,100 --> 00:43:48,200
because they can only surface in areas

663
00:43:48,300 --> 00:43:51,100
where it's three and a half feet thick
or less.

664
00:43:51,400 --> 00:43:54,100
So they have kept a meticulous record

665
00:43:54,200 --> 00:43:57,000
and they wouldn't release it
because it was national security.

666
00:43:57,100 --> 00:44:00,400
I went up there in order to persuade
them to release it, and they did.

667
00:44:00,500 --> 00:44:02,900
And here's what that record shows.

668
00:44:03,200 --> 00:44:07,600
Starting in 1970,
there was a precipitous drop-off

669
00:44:07,700 --> 00:44:11,800
in the amount and extent and thickness
of the Arctic ice cap.

670
00:44:12,200 --> 00:44:15,900
It has diminished by 40% in 40 years.

671
00:44:16,500 --> 00:44:18,900
And there are now
two major studies showing

672
00:44:19,000 --> 00:44:21,500
that within the next 50 to 70 years,

673
00:44:21,600 --> 00:44:24,300
in summertime
it will be completely gone.

674
00:44:24,900 --> 00:44:27,500
Now, you might say,
"Why is that a problem?"

675
00:44:27,700 --> 00:44:32,400
And "How could the Arctic ice cap
actually melt so quickly?"

676
00:44:33,200 --> 00:44:35,600
When the sun's rays hit the ice,

677
00:44:35,800 --> 00:44:40,100
more than 90% of it bounces off
right back into space like a mirror.

678
00:44:40,200 --> 00:44:44,200
But when it hits the open ocean,
more than 90% of it is absorbed.

679
00:44:44,300 --> 00:44:47,200
And so, as the surrounding water
gets warmer,

680
00:44:47,300 --> 00:44:50,300
it speeds up the melting of the ice.

681
00:44:51,000 --> 00:44:54,700
Right now, the Arctic ice cap acts
like a giant mirror.

682
00:44:54,800 --> 00:44:57,900
All the sun's rays bounce off,
more than 90%.

683
00:44:58,000 --> 00:44:59,900
It keeps the Earth cooler.

684
00:45:00,100 --> 00:45:01,800
But as it melts

685
00:45:02,000 --> 00:45:05,400
and the open ocean receives
that sun's energy instead,

686
00:45:05,500 --> 00:45:07,600
more than 90% is absorbed.

687
00:45:07,800 --> 00:45:11,400
So there is
a faster buildup of heat here,

688
00:45:11,700 --> 00:45:14,400
at the North Pole, in the Arctic Ocean,

689
00:45:14,500 --> 00:45:18,100
and the Arctic generally
than anywhere else on the planet.

690
00:45:19,700 --> 00:45:24,100
That's not good for creatures like
polar bears who depend on the ice.

691
00:45:25,600 --> 00:45:27,400
A new scientific study shows that

692
00:45:27,500 --> 00:45:32,200
for the first time they're finding
polar bears that have actually drowned,

693
00:45:33,900 --> 00:45:37,900
swimming long distances,
up to 60 miles, to find the ice.

694
00:45:38,600 --> 00:45:41,000
And they didn't find that before.

695
00:45:41,300 --> 00:45:43,400
But what does it mean to us?

696
00:45:43,500 --> 00:45:46,800
To look at a vast expanse of open water

697
00:45:46,900 --> 00:45:50,500
at the top of our world
that used to be covered by ice.

698
00:45:51,300 --> 00:45:53,000
We ought to care a lot

699
00:45:53,200 --> 00:45:55,700
because it has planetary effects.

700
00:45:56,300 --> 00:46:00,800
The Earth's climate is like a big engine
for redistributing heat

701
00:46:00,900 --> 00:46:02,900
from the equator to the poles.

702
00:46:03,100 --> 00:46:06,800
And it does that by means
of ocean currents and wind currents.

703
00:46:07,200 --> 00:46:11,600
They tell us, the scientists do, that the
Earth's climate is a nonlinear system.

704
00:46:11,700 --> 00:46:14,800
Just a fancy way they have of saying

705
00:46:15,000 --> 00:46:18,400
that the changes are not
all just gradual.

706
00:46:18,500 --> 00:46:21,300
Some of them come suddenly,
in big jumps.

707
00:46:21,600 --> 00:46:25,200
On a worldwide basis,
the annual average temperature is

708
00:46:25,300 --> 00:46:28,200
about 58 degrees Fahrenheit.

709
00:46:28,300 --> 00:46:31,800
If we have an increase of five degrees,

710
00:46:32,100 --> 00:46:34,900
which is on the low end
of the projections,

711
00:46:35,200 --> 00:46:37,200
look at how that translates globally.

712
00:46:37,300 --> 00:46:40,900
That means an increase of only
one degree at the equator,

713
00:46:41,000 --> 00:46:44,000
but more than 12 degrees at the pole.

714
00:46:44,200 --> 00:46:47,300
And so all those wind
and ocean current patterns

715
00:46:47,400 --> 00:46:52,100
that have formed since the last ice age
and have been relatively stable,

716
00:46:52,200 --> 00:46:55,000
they're all up in the air and they change.

717
00:46:55,800 --> 00:46:57,800
And one of the ones
they're most worried about,

718
00:46:57,900 --> 00:47:01,700
where they've spent a lot of time
studying the problem,

719
00:47:01,800 --> 00:47:03,800
is in the North Atlantic

720
00:47:03,900 --> 00:47:07,000
where the Gulf Stream comes up
and meets the cold winds

721
00:47:07,100 --> 00:47:09,300
coming off the Arctic over Greenland.

722
00:47:09,400 --> 00:47:13,000
And that evaporates so that the heat
out of the Gulf Stream

723
00:47:13,100 --> 00:47:15,200
and the steam is carried over
to Western Europe

724
00:47:15,300 --> 00:47:18,000
by the prevailing winds
and the Earth's rotation.

725
00:47:18,100 --> 00:47:20,900
But isn't it interesting that
the whole ocean current system

726
00:47:21,000 --> 00:47:23,500
is all linked together in this loop?

727
00:47:23,600 --> 00:47:25,900
They call it the ocean conveyor.

728
00:47:26,300 --> 00:47:29,600
And the red are
the warm surface currents.

729
00:47:29,700 --> 00:47:31,900
The Gulf Stream is
the best known of them.

730
00:47:32,000 --> 00:47:36,100
But the blue represent the cold currents

731
00:47:36,200 --> 00:47:37,700
running in the opposite direction,

732
00:47:37,800 --> 00:47:42,000
and we don't see them at all because
they run along the bottom of the ocean.

733
00:47:42,100 --> 00:47:46,800
Up in the North Atlantic,
after that heat is pulled out,

734
00:47:47,100 --> 00:47:50,600
what's left behind is
colder water and saltier water

735
00:47:50,800 --> 00:47:52,800
because the salt doesn't go anywhere.

736
00:47:52,900 --> 00:47:55,700
And so that makes it
denser and heavier.

737
00:47:55,900 --> 00:47:59,100
And so that cold, dense,
heavy water sinks

738
00:47:59,200 --> 00:48:03,200
at the rate of five billion
gallons per second.

739
00:48:03,900 --> 00:48:07,400
And then that pulls that current
back south.

740
00:48:08,000 --> 00:48:10,300
At the end of the last ice age,

741
00:48:10,400 --> 00:48:10,800
as the last glacier was receding
from North America,

742
00:48:10,900 --> 00:48:13,700
as the last glacier was receding
from North America,

743
00:48:14,500 --> 00:48:18,400
the ice melted
and a giant pool of fresh water

744
00:48:18,500 --> 00:48:20,200
formed in North America.

745
00:48:20,300 --> 00:48:24,300
And the Great Lakes are the remnants
of that huge lake.

746
00:48:24,600 --> 00:48:29,200
An ice dam on the eastern border
formed and one day it broke.

747
00:48:30,000 --> 00:48:33,100
And all that fresh water
came rushing out,

748
00:48:33,200 --> 00:48:35,500
ripping open the St. Lawrence there,

749
00:48:36,000 --> 00:48:39,400
and it diluted the salty, dense,
cold water,

750
00:48:39,600 --> 00:48:43,200
made it fresher and lighter,
so it stopped sinking.

751
00:48:43,900 --> 00:48:46,400
And that pump shut off.

752
00:48:47,200 --> 00:48:49,400
And the heat transfer stopped.

753
00:48:49,700 --> 00:48:53,800
And Europe went back into an ice age
for another 900 to 1,000 years.

754
00:48:54,000 --> 00:48:58,100
And the change from conditions
like we have here today

755
00:48:58,700 --> 00:49:00,300
to an ice age

756
00:49:00,500 --> 00:49:04,200
took place in perhaps
as little as 10 years' time.

757
00:49:04,900 --> 00:49:07,100
So that's a sudden jump.

758
00:49:07,300 --> 00:49:10,200
Now, of course that's
not gonna happen again

759
00:49:10,300 --> 00:49:13,500
because the glaciers of North America
are not there, and...

760
00:49:13,600 --> 00:49:17,400
Is there any other big chunk of ice
anywhere near there?

761
00:49:18,200 --> 00:49:19,400
Oh, yeah.

762
00:49:20,400 --> 00:49:22,500
We'll come back to that one.

763
00:49:42,900 --> 00:49:46,800
It's extremely frustrating to me

764
00:49:48,500 --> 00:49:53,100
to communicate over and over again,
as clearly as I can.

765
00:49:57,800 --> 00:50:00,600
And we are still, by far,

766
00:50:00,700 --> 00:50:03,300
the worst contributor to the problem.

767
00:50:08,100 --> 00:50:09,700
And I look around

768
00:50:09,800 --> 00:50:13,500
and look for really meaningful signs

769
00:50:13,600 --> 00:50:16,600
that we're about to really change.

770
00:50:18,800 --> 00:50:20,800
I don't see it right now.

771
00:50:21,400 --> 00:50:25,900
A number of very reputable scientists
have said that one factor of air pollution

772
00:50:26,000 --> 00:50:29,500
is oxides of nitrogen
from decaying vegetation.

773
00:50:29,700 --> 00:50:34,100
This is what causes the haze that gave
the big Smoky Mountains their name.

774
00:50:34,400 --> 00:50:36,400
Thank you very much, okay.

775
00:50:36,900 --> 00:50:40,500
This guy is so far off
in the environmental extreme,

776
00:50:40,700 --> 00:50:44,700
we'll be up to our neck in owls
and out of work for every American.

777
00:50:45,100 --> 00:50:46,600
This guy is crazy.

778
00:50:47,000 --> 00:50:51,800
Even if humans were causing
global warming, and we are not,

779
00:50:51,900 --> 00:50:55,300
this could be maybe the greatest hoax
ever perpetrated

780
00:50:55,400 --> 00:50:57,000
on the American people.

781
00:50:57,100 --> 00:51:00,100
We're dealing with something
that's highly emotional.

782
00:51:01,200 --> 00:51:04,200
If an issue is not

783
00:51:05,000 --> 00:51:09,100
on the tips
of their constituents' tongues,

784
00:51:10,000 --> 00:51:12,500
it's easy for them to ignore it.

785
00:51:18,500 --> 00:51:22,600
To say, "Well, we'll deal
with that tomorrow."

786
00:51:27,900 --> 00:51:31,200
So the same phenomena of changing
all these patterns

787
00:51:31,300 --> 00:51:33,900
is also affecting the seasons.

788
00:51:34,100 --> 00:51:36,500
Here is a study from the Netherlands.

789
00:51:36,600 --> 00:51:40,100
The peak arrival date for migratory birds

790
00:51:40,200 --> 00:51:43,100
25 years ago was April 25th,

791
00:51:43,200 --> 00:51:46,000
and their chicks hatched
on June the 3rd.

792
00:51:46,100 --> 00:51:49,700
Just at the time when the caterpillars
were coming out.

793
00:51:49,900 --> 00:51:52,400
Nature's plan.

794
00:51:52,700 --> 00:51:55,500
But 20 years of warming later,

795
00:51:55,900 --> 00:51:58,400
the caterpillars peaked
two weeks earlier,

796
00:51:58,500 --> 00:52:02,400
and the chicks tried to catch up with it,
but they couldn't.

797
00:52:03,200 --> 00:52:04,900
And so, they're in trouble.

798
00:52:05,000 --> 00:52:08,000
And there are millions
of ecological niches

799
00:52:08,400 --> 00:52:11,600
that are affected by global warming
in just this way.

800
00:52:12,000 --> 00:52:16,100
This is the number of days with frost
in Southern Switzerland

801
00:52:16,300 --> 00:52:17,800
over the last 100 years.

802
00:52:17,900 --> 00:52:20,300
It has gone down rapidly.
But now watch this.

803
00:52:20,400 --> 00:52:24,600
This is the number
of invasive exotic species

804
00:52:24,800 --> 00:52:29,700
that have rushed in to fill the new
ecological niches that are opening up.

805
00:52:29,900 --> 00:52:32,300
That's happening here
in the United States, too.

806
00:52:32,400 --> 00:52:35,000
You've heard
of the pine beetle problem?

807
00:52:35,200 --> 00:52:38,700
Those pine beetles used to be killed
by the cold winters,

808
00:52:39,000 --> 00:52:41,200
but there are fewer days of frost,

809
00:52:41,300 --> 00:52:44,200
and so the pine trees are
being devastated.

810
00:52:44,300 --> 00:52:49,200
This is part of 14 million acres
of spruce trees in Alaska

811
00:52:49,700 --> 00:52:53,500
that have been killed by bark beetles.
The exact same phenomenon.

812
00:52:53,700 --> 00:52:56,100
There are cities that were founded

813
00:52:56,300 --> 00:52:59,000
because they were just above
the mosquito line.

814
00:52:59,100 --> 00:53:02,700
Nairobi is one, Harare is another.
There are plenty of others.

815
00:53:03,000 --> 00:53:07,100
Now the mosquitoes, with warming,
are climbing to higher altitudes.

816
00:53:07,400 --> 00:53:11,700
There are a lot of vectors for infectious
diseases that are worrisome to us

817
00:53:11,800 --> 00:53:13,900
that are also expanding their range.

818
00:53:14,000 --> 00:53:17,000
Not only mosquitoes,
but all of these others as well.

819
00:53:17,100 --> 00:53:19,900
And we've had 30 so-called
new diseases

820
00:53:20,000 --> 00:53:23,400
that have emerged
just in the last quarter century.

821
00:53:23,700 --> 00:53:27,500
And a lot of them, like SARS, have
caused tremendous problems.

822
00:53:27,700 --> 00:53:30,500
The resistant forms of tuberculosis.
There are others.

823
00:53:30,600 --> 00:53:33,000
And there's been a re-emergence
of some diseases

824
00:53:33,100 --> 00:53:35,300
that were once under control.

825
00:53:35,400 --> 00:53:40,300
The avian flu, of course,
quite a serious matter, as you know.

826
00:53:40,700 --> 00:53:42,100
West Nile Virus.

827
00:53:42,200 --> 00:53:45,500
It came to the eastern shore
of Maryland in 1999.

828
00:53:45,600 --> 00:53:47,900
Two years later,
it was across the Mississippi.

829
00:53:48,000 --> 00:53:51,800
And two years after that,
it had spread across the continent.

830
00:53:52,000 --> 00:53:54,400
But these are very troubling signs.

831
00:53:54,500 --> 00:53:56,900
Coral reefs all over the world,

832
00:53:57,000 --> 00:53:59,400
because of global warming
and other factors,

833
00:53:59,500 --> 00:54:02,500
are bleaching and they end up like this.

834
00:54:02,700 --> 00:54:05,700
And all the fish species
that depend on the coral reefs

835
00:54:05,800 --> 00:54:08,300
are also in jeopardy as a result.

836
00:54:08,400 --> 00:54:11,600
Overall, species loss is now occurring

837
00:54:11,700 --> 00:54:14,500
at a rate 1,000 times greater
than the natural background rate.

838
00:54:16,600 --> 00:54:19,200
This brings me to the second canary
in the coal mine.

839
00:54:19,300 --> 00:54:20,500
Antarctica.

840
00:54:20,600 --> 00:54:23,700
The largest mass of ice on the planet
by far.

841
00:54:24,000 --> 00:54:26,800
A friend of mine said in 1978,

842
00:54:27,000 --> 00:54:30,600
"If you see the breakup of ice shelves
along the Antarctic peninsula,

843
00:54:30,700 --> 00:54:32,100
"watch out

844
00:54:32,200 --> 00:54:36,500
"because that should be seen
as an alarm bell for global warming."

845
00:54:36,600 --> 00:54:39,900
And actually, if you look
at the peninsula up close,

846
00:54:40,000 --> 00:54:44,400
every place where you see
one of these green blotches here

847
00:54:44,700 --> 00:54:48,100
is an ice shelf larger
than the state of Rhode Island

848
00:54:48,200 --> 00:54:51,900
that has broken up
just in the last 15 to 20 years.

849
00:54:52,000 --> 00:54:54,100
I want to focus on just one of them.

850
00:54:54,200 --> 00:54:55,700
It's called Larsen B.

851
00:54:55,800 --> 00:54:59,300
I want you to look
at these black pools here.

852
00:54:59,900 --> 00:55:03,300
It makes it seem almost
as if we're looking through the ice

853
00:55:03,500 --> 00:55:06,300
to the ocean beneath.
But that's an illusion.

854
00:55:06,600 --> 00:55:10,000
This is melting water
that forms in pools,

855
00:55:10,300 --> 00:55:12,800
and if you were flying over it
in a helicopter,

856
00:55:12,900 --> 00:55:15,500
you'd see it's 700 feet tall.

857
00:55:15,600 --> 00:55:19,300
They are so majestic, so massive.

858
00:55:20,000 --> 00:55:23,100
In the distance are the mountains
and just before the mountains

859
00:55:23,200 --> 00:55:26,300
is the shelf of the continent, there.

860
00:55:27,500 --> 00:55:29,400
This is floating ice,

861
00:55:29,500 --> 00:55:33,700
and there's land-based ice
on the down slope of those mountains.

862
00:55:34,200 --> 00:55:38,900
From here to the mountains
is about 20 to 25 miles.

863
00:55:39,500 --> 00:55:42,600
Now they thought this would be
stable for at least 100 years,

864
00:55:42,700 --> 00:55:44,300
even with global warming.

865
00:55:44,700 --> 00:55:47,600
The scientists who study
these ice shelves

866
00:55:48,800 --> 00:55:50,800
were absolutely astonished

867
00:55:50,900 --> 00:55:52,700
when they were looking
at these images.

868
00:55:53,100 --> 00:55:55,700
Starting on January 31, 2002

869
00:55:55,800 --> 00:55:58,600
in a period of 35 days

870
00:55:58,700 --> 00:56:00,800
this ice shelf completely disappeared.

871
00:56:02,300 --> 00:56:07,100
They could not figure out how
in the world this happened so rapidly.

872
00:56:07,900 --> 00:56:12,400
And they went back to try to figure out
where they'd gone wrong.

873
00:56:12,800 --> 00:56:16,800
And that's when they focused
on those pools of melting water.

874
00:56:17,600 --> 00:56:20,600
But even before they could figure out
what had happened there,

875
00:56:20,700 --> 00:56:23,200
something else started going wrong.

876
00:56:23,300 --> 00:56:25,800
When the floating sea-based ice
cracked up,

877
00:56:25,900 --> 00:56:28,700
it no longer held back
the ice on the land,

878
00:56:28,800 --> 00:56:32,300
and the land-based ice
then started falling into the ocean.

879
00:56:32,400 --> 00:56:34,600
It was like letting the cork
out of a bottle.

880
00:56:34,700 --> 00:56:38,400
And there's a difference between
floating ice and land-based ice.

881
00:56:38,500 --> 00:56:42,300
That's like the difference between
an ice cube floating in a glass of water,

882
00:56:42,400 --> 00:56:46,000
which when it melts doesn't raise
the level of water in the glass,

883
00:56:46,200 --> 00:56:49,000
and a cube that's sitting atop
a stack of ice cubes

884
00:56:49,100 --> 00:56:51,600
which melts and flows over the edge.

885
00:56:52,100 --> 00:56:55,600
That's why the citizens
of these Pacific nations

886
00:56:55,700 --> 00:56:58,200
have all had to evacuate
to New Zealand.

887
00:56:59,400 --> 00:57:01,900
But I want to focus on West Antarctica

888
00:57:02,000 --> 00:57:06,800
because it illustrates two factors about
land-based ice and sea-based ice.

889
00:57:06,900 --> 00:57:10,400
It's a little of both.
It's propped up on tops of islands,

890
00:57:10,600 --> 00:57:13,500
but the ocean comes up underneath it.

891
00:57:13,900 --> 00:57:16,600
So as the ocean gets warmer,
it has an impact on it.

892
00:57:17,500 --> 00:57:19,600
If this were to go,

893
00:57:19,900 --> 00:57:22,600
sea level worldwide
would go up 20 feet.

894
00:57:23,400 --> 00:57:27,700
They've measured disturbing changes
on the underside of this ice sheet.

895
00:57:27,800 --> 00:57:31,700
It's considered relatively
more stable, however,

896
00:57:31,800 --> 00:57:35,500
than another big body of ice
that's roughly the same size.

897
00:57:36,100 --> 00:57:40,500
Greenland would also raise sea level
almost 20 feet

898
00:57:40,600 --> 00:57:42,000
if it went.

899
00:57:42,100 --> 00:57:44,700
A friend of mine just brought back
some pictures

900
00:57:44,800 --> 00:57:47,600
of what's going on on Greenland
right now.

901
00:57:47,800 --> 00:57:51,800
Dramatic changes.
These are the same kinds of pools

902
00:57:52,200 --> 00:57:55,400
that formed here,
on this ice shelf in Antarctica.

903
00:57:56,100 --> 00:57:58,200
And the scientists thought

904
00:57:58,300 --> 00:58:02,600
that when that water seeped back
into the ice, it would just refreeze.

905
00:58:03,000 --> 00:58:06,100
But they found out
that actually what happens

906
00:58:06,200 --> 00:58:09,700
is that it just keeps on going.
It tunnels to the bottom

907
00:58:09,900 --> 00:58:12,400
and makes the ice like Swiss cheese,

908
00:58:12,500 --> 00:58:14,000
sort of like termites.

909
00:58:14,500 --> 00:58:17,100
This shows what happens
to the crevasses,

910
00:58:17,200 --> 00:58:21,700
and when lakes form,
they create what are called moulins.

911
00:58:22,100 --> 00:58:23,800
The water goes down to the bottom

912
00:58:23,900 --> 00:58:27,400
and it lubricates
where the ice meets the bedrock.

913
00:58:27,700 --> 00:58:30,000
See these people here for scale.

914
00:58:30,200 --> 00:58:34,400
This is not on the edge of Greenland,
this is in the middle of the ice mass.

915
00:58:34,500 --> 00:58:37,700
This is a massive rushing torrent

916
00:58:38,000 --> 00:58:40,000
of fresh melt water

917
00:58:40,100 --> 00:58:43,600
tunneling straight down
through the Greenland ice

918
00:58:43,700 --> 00:58:45,500
to the bedrock below.

919
00:58:45,700 --> 00:58:50,400
Now, to some extent,
there has always been seasonal melting

920
00:58:50,900 --> 00:58:54,800
and moulins have formed in the past,
but not like now.

921
00:58:55,400 --> 00:58:59,400
In 1992, they measured
this amount of melting in Greenland.

922
00:58:59,900 --> 00:59:02,400
Ten years later, this is what happened.

923
00:59:02,700 --> 00:59:05,300
And here is the melting from 2005.

924
00:59:06,700 --> 00:59:09,800
Tony Blair's scientific advisor
has said that

925
00:59:09,900 --> 00:59:12,700
because of what's happening
in Greenland right now,

926
00:59:12,900 --> 00:59:15,700
the maps of the world will have
to be redrawn.

927
00:59:16,100 --> 00:59:18,700
If Greenland broke up and melted,

928
00:59:19,400 --> 00:59:23,300
or if half of Greenland
and half of West Antarctica

929
00:59:23,500 --> 00:59:25,000
broke up and melted,

930
00:59:25,100 --> 00:59:28,500
this is what would happen
to the sea level in Florida.

931
00:59:33,900 --> 00:59:36,500
This is what would happen
to San Francisco Bay.

932
00:59:38,600 --> 00:59:41,100
A lot of people live in these areas.

933
00:59:41,800 --> 00:59:44,900
The Netherlands,
one of the low countries.

934
00:59:46,800 --> 00:59:48,900
Absolutely devastating.

935
00:59:49,000 --> 00:59:53,000
The area around Beijing that's home
to tens of millions of people.

936
00:59:55,000 --> 00:59:58,300
Even worse, in the area
around Shanghai,

937
00:59:58,400 --> 01:00:00,600
there are 40 million people.

938
01:00:02,700 --> 01:00:07,100
Worse still, Calcutta,
and to the east, Bangladesh,

939
01:00:07,200 --> 01:00:10,000
the area covered includes
60 million people.

940
01:00:11,200 --> 01:00:16,100
Think of the impact of a couple
hundred thousand refugees

941
01:00:16,400 --> 01:00:19,200
when they're displaced
by an environmental event.

942
01:00:19,500 --> 01:00:23,900
And then imagine the impact
of a hundred million or more.

943
01:00:25,200 --> 01:00:26,800
Here's Manhattan.

944
01:00:27,700 --> 01:00:30,400
This is the World Trade Center
memorial site.

945
01:00:31,700 --> 01:00:35,000
And after the horrible events of 9/11,

946
01:00:36,900 --> 01:00:38,700
we said, "Never again."

947
01:00:38,700 --> 01:00:38,800
we said, "Never again."

948
01:00:39,800 --> 01:00:42,400
But this is what would happen
to Manhattan.

949
01:00:47,800 --> 01:00:49,900
They can measure this precisely,

950
01:00:50,000 --> 01:00:53,000
just as the scientists could
predict precisely

951
01:00:53,100 --> 01:00:56,100
how much water would breach
the levees in New Orleans.

952
01:00:57,300 --> 01:01:01,900
The area where the World Trade Center
Memorial is to be located

953
01:01:02,200 --> 01:01:04,100
would be underwater.

954
01:01:05,300 --> 01:01:10,300
Is it possible that we should prepare
against other threats besides terrorists?

955
01:01:10,900 --> 01:01:14,500
Maybe we should be concerned
about other problems as well.

956
01:01:22,000 --> 01:01:24,200
1.3 billion people.

957
01:01:26,400 --> 01:01:28,500
An economy that's surging.

958
01:01:30,800 --> 01:01:32,800
More and more energy needs.

959
01:01:33,400 --> 01:01:35,800
Massive coal reserves.

960
01:01:36,900 --> 01:01:40,200
The coal belt in Northern China,

961
01:01:41,500 --> 01:01:43,300
- Inner Mongolia.
- Right.

962
01:01:43,500 --> 01:01:46,400
Then there's Shaanxi province.

963
01:01:46,500 --> 01:01:50,400
- And also biggest coal mine here.
- Up here.

964
01:01:50,500 --> 01:01:52,600
- Yeah.
- Now, is that an open pit mine?

965
01:01:52,700 --> 01:01:54,400
- Yes.
- Yes.

966
01:01:54,500 --> 01:01:57,200
Every time I've visited China,

967
01:01:57,300 --> 01:02:01,200
I've learned from their scientists.
They're right on the cutting edge.

968
01:02:01,300 --> 01:02:04,000
Give me some sense of the numbers of

969
01:02:04,100 --> 01:02:07,000
new coal fire generating plants.

970
01:02:07,100 --> 01:02:10,000
Well, I have to say
that the number is enormous

971
01:02:10,100 --> 01:02:11,900
because it's so profitable.

972
01:02:12,200 --> 01:02:16,900
This issue is really the same for China
as it is for the US.

973
01:02:18,300 --> 01:02:22,700
We are both using old technologies
that are dirty and polluting.

974
01:02:22,800 --> 01:02:24,300
...more flooding and more drought

975
01:02:24,400 --> 01:02:26,900
and stronger storms is going up,

976
01:02:27,000 --> 01:02:29,600
and global warming is implicated
in the pattern.

977
01:02:29,700 --> 01:02:33,600
And if you were to give some
suggestions to everybody here

978
01:02:33,700 --> 01:02:37,800
about, like, what we can do
for the situation now.

979
01:02:37,900 --> 01:02:41,400
Separating the truth from the fiction

980
01:02:42,000 --> 01:02:46,300
and the accurate connections
from the misunderstandings

981
01:02:46,700 --> 01:02:49,100
is part of what you learn here.

982
01:02:50,000 --> 01:02:54,900
But when the warnings are accurate
and based on sound science,

983
01:02:55,600 --> 01:02:59,100
then we as human beings,
whatever country we live in,

984
01:02:59,200 --> 01:03:01,400
have to find a way to make sure

985
01:03:01,500 --> 01:03:05,300
that the warnings are heard
and responded to.

986
01:03:12,800 --> 01:03:17,400
We both have a hard time
shaking loose the familiar patterns

987
01:03:17,500 --> 01:03:19,500
that we've relied on in the past.

988
01:03:19,900 --> 01:03:24,800
We both face completely
unacceptable consequences.

989
01:03:35,900 --> 01:03:39,000
And there are three factors
that are causing this collision,

990
01:03:39,100 --> 01:03:41,000
and the first is population.

991
01:03:41,200 --> 01:03:45,700
When my generation, the baby boom
generation, was born after World War II,

992
01:03:45,800 --> 01:03:48,600
the population had just crossed
the two billion mark.

993
01:03:50,400 --> 01:03:52,700
Now, I'm in my 50s,

994
01:03:52,800 --> 01:03:56,300
and it's already gone
to almost six and a half billion.

995
01:03:57,300 --> 01:04:02,100
And if I reach the demographic
expectation for the baby boomers,

996
01:04:02,400 --> 01:04:04,200
it'll go over nine billion.

997
01:04:04,900 --> 01:04:09,600
So if it takes 10,000 generations
to reach two billion

998
01:04:09,700 --> 01:04:12,800
and then in one human lifetime, ours,

999
01:04:12,900 --> 01:04:15,600
it goes from two billion to nine billion,

1000
01:04:16,200 --> 01:04:19,400
something profoundly different's
going on right now.

1001
01:04:19,600 --> 01:04:22,200
We're putting more pressure
on the Earth.

1002
01:04:22,300 --> 01:04:25,300
Most of it's in the poorer nations
of the world.

1003
01:04:25,400 --> 01:04:28,100
This puts pressure on food demand.

1004
01:04:28,200 --> 01:04:30,500
It puts pressure on water demand.

1005
01:04:30,600 --> 01:04:34,000
It puts pressure on vulnerable
natural resources,

1006
01:04:34,100 --> 01:04:35,600
and this pressure's one of the reasons

1007
01:04:35,700 --> 01:04:38,700
why we have seen all the devastation
of the forest,

1008
01:04:38,800 --> 01:04:40,900
not only tropical, but elsewhere.

1009
01:04:41,000 --> 01:04:43,000
It is a political issue.

1010
01:04:43,100 --> 01:04:47,600
This is the border between Haiti
and the Dominican Republic.

1011
01:04:47,700 --> 01:04:51,800
One set of policies here,
another set of policies here.

1012
01:04:52,200 --> 01:04:56,300
Much of it comes not only
because of cutting, but also burning.

1013
01:04:56,500 --> 01:05:00,100
Almost 30% of all the CO2 that goes up
each year into the atmosphere

1014
01:05:00,200 --> 01:05:02,700
comes from forest burning.

1015
01:05:02,900 --> 01:05:07,000
This is a time-lapse picture of the Earth
at night over a six-month period

1016
01:05:07,100 --> 01:05:09,400
showing the lights of the cities in white

1017
01:05:09,500 --> 01:05:12,000
and the burning forests
and brush fires in red.

1018
01:05:12,100 --> 01:05:15,300
The yellow areas are the gas flares,
like these in Siberia.

1019
01:05:15,900 --> 01:05:17,600
And that brings me to the second factor

1020
01:05:17,700 --> 01:05:20,500
that has transformed our relationship
to the Earth.

1021
01:05:20,600 --> 01:05:24,900
The scientific and technological
revolution is a great blessing

1022
01:05:25,100 --> 01:05:27,800
in that it has given us
tremendous benefits

1023
01:05:27,900 --> 01:05:31,000
in areas like medicine
and communications.

1024
01:05:31,200 --> 01:05:35,100
But this new power that we have
also brings a responsibility

1025
01:05:35,200 --> 01:05:36,800
to think about its consequences.

1026
01:05:37,100 --> 01:05:38,300
Here's a formula to think about.

1027
01:05:38,400 --> 01:05:42,200
Old habits plus old technology
have predictable consequences.

1028
01:05:42,900 --> 01:05:47,100
Old habits that are hard to change
plus new technology

1029
01:05:47,300 --> 01:05:50,300
can have dramatically
altered consequences.

1030
01:05:50,400 --> 01:05:53,600
Warfare with spears
and bows and arrows

1031
01:05:53,700 --> 01:05:57,800
and rifles and machine guns,
that's one thing.

1032
01:05:58,000 --> 01:06:00,200
But then a new technology came.

1033
01:06:08,000 --> 01:06:10,700
We have to think differently about war

1034
01:06:11,600 --> 01:06:15,500
because the new technologies
so completely transformed

1035
01:06:15,600 --> 01:06:18,300
the consequences of that old habit

1036
01:06:18,400 --> 01:06:22,800
that we can't just mindlessly continue
the patterns of the past.

1037
01:06:23,900 --> 01:06:28,500
In the same way, we have always
exploited the Earth for sustenance.

1038
01:06:28,900 --> 01:06:32,900
For most of our existence,
we used relatively simple tools.

1039
01:06:33,000 --> 01:06:35,500
The plow, the tractor.

1040
01:06:36,100 --> 01:06:38,900
But even tools like shovels
are different now.

1041
01:06:39,400 --> 01:06:41,000
Shovel used to be this.

1042
01:06:41,600 --> 01:06:43,300
Shovels have gotten bigger.

1043
01:06:43,700 --> 01:06:46,400
And every year, they get more powerful.

1044
01:06:46,600 --> 01:06:51,200
So our ability to have an effect,
in this case on the surface of the Earth,

1045
01:06:51,300 --> 01:06:53,100
is utterly transformed.

1046
01:06:53,300 --> 01:06:57,800
You can say the same thing
about irrigation, which is a great thing.

1047
01:06:58,000 --> 01:07:02,300
But when we divert rivers
without considering the consequences,

1048
01:07:02,400 --> 01:07:06,400
then sometimes rivers no longer
reach the sea.

1049
01:07:06,900 --> 01:07:08,500
There were two rivers in Central Asia

1050
01:07:08,600 --> 01:07:11,200
that were used
by the former Soviet Union

1051
01:07:11,400 --> 01:07:12,900
for irrigating cotton fields unwisely.

1052
01:07:13,000 --> 01:07:16,100
The Aral Sea was fed by them.

1053
01:07:16,300 --> 01:07:19,000
It used to be the fourth largest
inland sea in the world.

1054
01:07:19,100 --> 01:07:22,200
When I went there,
I saw this strange sight

1055
01:07:22,400 --> 01:07:26,500
of an enormous fishing fleet
resting in the sand.

1056
01:07:27,100 --> 01:07:31,900
This is the canal that the fishing
industry desperately tried to build

1057
01:07:32,000 --> 01:07:34,100
to get to the receding shoreline.

1058
01:07:34,300 --> 01:07:37,200
Making mistakes in our dealings
with nature can have

1059
01:07:37,300 --> 01:07:39,000
bigger consequences now

1060
01:07:39,100 --> 01:07:43,000
because our technologies are often
bigger than the human scale.

1061
01:07:43,300 --> 01:07:47,100
When you put them all together,
they've made us a force of nature.

1062
01:07:47,400 --> 01:07:49,900
And this is also a political issue.

1063
01:07:50,100 --> 01:07:52,600
This is a computer map of the world

1064
01:07:52,700 --> 01:07:57,100
that distorts to show the relative
contributions to global warming.

1065
01:07:57,700 --> 01:08:01,400
In our country, we are responsible
for more than all of South America,

1066
01:08:01,500 --> 01:08:04,000
all of Africa, all of the Middle East,

1067
01:08:04,100 --> 01:08:07,100
all of Asia, all combined.

1068
01:08:07,500 --> 01:08:12,300
The per capita average in Africa, India,
China, Japan, EU, Russia.

1069
01:08:12,400 --> 01:08:15,700
There's where we are.
Way, way above everyone else.

1070
01:08:15,800 --> 01:08:19,600
If you take population into account,
it's a little bit different.

1071
01:08:19,800 --> 01:08:22,800
China's playing a bigger role,
so is Europe.

1072
01:08:22,900 --> 01:08:26,700
But we are still by all odds
the largest contributor.

1073
01:08:27,000 --> 01:08:30,500
And so it is up to us to look
at how we think about it,

1074
01:08:30,600 --> 01:08:33,300
because our way of thinking
is the third and final factor

1075
01:08:33,400 --> 01:08:36,000
that transforms our relationship
to the Earth.

1076
01:08:36,100 --> 01:08:40,500
If a frog jumps into
a pot of boiling water,

1077
01:08:40,600 --> 01:08:44,000
it jumps right out again
because it senses the danger.

1078
01:08:44,100 --> 01:08:46,300
But the very same frog,

1079
01:08:46,400 --> 01:08:49,800
if it jumps into a pot of lukewarm water

1080
01:08:49,900 --> 01:08:52,300
that is slowly brought to a boil,

1081
01:08:52,400 --> 01:08:55,500
will just sit there and it won't move.

1082
01:08:55,600 --> 01:09:00,000
It'll just sit there, even as the
temperature continues to go up and up.

1083
01:09:00,100 --> 01:09:04,800
It'll stay there, until...
Until it's rescued.

1084
01:09:05,800 --> 01:09:08,100
It's important to rescue the frog.

1085
01:09:11,900 --> 01:09:13,500
But the point is this.

1086
01:09:14,200 --> 01:09:17,700
Our collective nervous system is like
that frog's nervous system.

1087
01:09:17,800 --> 01:09:22,200
It takes a sudden jolt sometimes
before we become aware of a danger.

1088
01:09:22,300 --> 01:09:25,500
If it seems gradual,
even if it really is happening quickly,

1089
01:09:25,600 --> 01:09:30,200
we're capable of just sitting there
and not responding.

1090
01:09:30,300 --> 01:09:31,000
And not reacting.

1091
01:09:37,100 --> 01:09:40,000
I don't remember a time
when I was a kid

1092
01:09:41,000 --> 01:09:45,200
when summertime didn't mean
working with tobacco.

1093
01:09:45,300 --> 01:09:48,700
It was just... I used to love it.
It was during that period

1094
01:09:48,800 --> 01:09:52,600
when working with the guys on the farm

1095
01:09:52,700 --> 01:09:54,600
seemed like fun to me.

1096
01:09:56,000 --> 01:10:00,600
Starting in 1964,
with the Surgeon General's report,

1097
01:10:02,300 --> 01:10:04,700
the evidence was laid out
on the connection

1098
01:10:04,800 --> 01:10:08,900
between smoking cigarettes
and lung cancer.

1099
01:10:12,300 --> 01:10:14,300
We kept growing tobacco.

1100
01:10:18,300 --> 01:10:22,600
Nancy was almost 10 years
older than me,

1101
01:10:22,700 --> 01:10:25,400
and there were only the two of us.

1102
01:10:27,400 --> 01:10:29,700
She was my protector

1103
01:10:29,800 --> 01:10:33,400
and my friend at the same time.

1104
01:10:35,800 --> 01:10:38,900
She started smoking
when she was a teenager

1105
01:10:39,700 --> 01:10:43,000
and never stopped.

1106
01:10:44,900 --> 01:10:46,900
She died of lung cancer.

1107
01:10:51,000 --> 01:10:53,600
That's one of the ways
you don't want to die.

1108
01:10:56,800 --> 01:11:00,100
The idea that we had been

1109
01:11:01,800 --> 01:11:04,200
part of that economic pattern

1110
01:11:04,300 --> 01:11:07,200
that produced the cigarettes,

1111
01:11:07,300 --> 01:11:10,300
that produced the cancer,

1112
01:11:10,600 --> 01:11:12,000
it was so...

1113
01:11:13,400 --> 01:11:16,400
It was so painful on so many levels.

1114
01:11:18,300 --> 01:11:23,100
My father, he had grown tobacco
all his life. He stopped.

1115
01:11:25,700 --> 01:11:29,000
Whatever explanation

1116
01:11:29,700 --> 01:11:33,400
had seemed to make sense in the past,
just didn't cut it anymore.

1117
01:11:35,100 --> 01:11:36,600
He stopped it.

1118
01:11:44,200 --> 01:11:48,800
It's just human nature to take time
to connect the dots. I know that.

1119
01:11:50,000 --> 01:11:54,900
But I also know that there can be
a day of reckoning

1120
01:11:55,600 --> 01:12:00,100
when you wish you had connected
the dots more quickly.

1121
01:12:08,400 --> 01:12:11,800
There are three misconceptions in
particular that bedevil our thinking.

1122
01:12:11,900 --> 01:12:13,800
First, isn't there a disagreement
among scientists

1123
01:12:13,900 --> 01:12:16,300
about whether the problem
is real or not?

1124
01:12:16,400 --> 01:12:18,600
Actually, not really.

1125
01:12:19,100 --> 01:12:22,700
There was a massive study
of every scientific article

1126
01:12:22,800 --> 01:12:27,500
in a peer-reviewed journal written
on global warming for the last 10 years.

1127
01:12:27,900 --> 01:12:32,100
And they took a big sample of 10%,
928 articles.

1128
01:12:32,800 --> 01:12:36,900
And you know the number of those that
disagreed with the scientific consensus

1129
01:12:37,000 --> 01:12:40,500
that we're causing global warming
and that it's a serious problem?

1130
01:12:40,600 --> 01:12:42,500
Out of the 928, zero.

1131
01:12:44,100 --> 01:12:47,500
The misconception that there's
disagreement about the science

1132
01:12:47,800 --> 01:12:52,000
has been deliberately created
by a relatively small group of people.

1133
01:12:52,300 --> 01:12:54,900
One of their internal memos leaked.

1134
01:12:55,000 --> 01:12:58,000
And here's what it said,
according to the press.

1135
01:12:58,100 --> 01:13:01,800
Their objective is to reposition
global warming

1136
01:13:02,000 --> 01:13:03,900
as theory rather than fact.

1137
01:13:05,100 --> 01:13:06,400
This has happened before.

1138
01:13:09,300 --> 01:13:11,900
After the Surgeon General's report.

1139
01:13:13,300 --> 01:13:16,100
One of their memos leaked
40 years ago. Here's what they said.

1140
01:13:16,200 --> 01:13:17,800
"Doubt is our product,

1141
01:13:18,400 --> 01:13:23,100
"since it is the best means of creating
a controversy in the public's mind."

1142
01:13:24,000 --> 01:13:25,600
But have they succeeded?

1143
01:13:25,800 --> 01:13:29,700
You'll remember that there were
928 peer-reviewed articles.

1144
01:13:29,900 --> 01:13:32,900
Zero percent
disagreed with the consensus.

1145
01:13:33,000 --> 01:13:36,500
There was another study of all
the articles in the popular press.

1146
01:13:36,600 --> 01:13:40,400
Over the last 14 years,
they looked at a sample of 636.

1147
01:13:40,500 --> 01:13:42,100
More than half of them said,

1148
01:13:42,800 --> 01:13:46,700
"Well, we're not sure. It could be
a problem, may not be a problem."

1149
01:13:47,200 --> 01:13:49,600
So no wonder people are confused.

1150
01:13:59,200 --> 01:14:00,300
Hey.

1151
01:14:01,200 --> 01:14:02,600
What did you find out?

1152
01:14:05,200 --> 01:14:06,700
Working for who?

1153
01:14:09,800 --> 01:14:11,200
Chief of Staff?

1154
01:14:11,400 --> 01:14:12,300
I'm gonna...

1155
01:14:12,400 --> 01:14:14,700
That's the White House
environment office.

1156
01:14:15,100 --> 01:14:19,900
American Petroleum Institute. It's fair
to say that's the oil and gas lobby.

1157
01:14:21,200 --> 01:14:22,600
Is that fair?

1158
01:14:23,000 --> 01:14:24,500
Totally fair.

1159
01:14:25,800 --> 01:14:29,800
Do a little bit more and see
who his clients were.

1160
01:14:30,700 --> 01:14:33,300
So he was defending
the Exxon Valdez thing.

1161
01:14:35,000 --> 01:14:36,800
Uh, very. Thank you.

1162
01:14:39,500 --> 01:14:43,400
Scientists have
an independent obligation

1163
01:14:44,200 --> 01:14:47,600
to respect and present the truth
as they see it.

1164
01:14:50,100 --> 01:14:54,800
Why do you directly contradict yourself

1165
01:14:55,600 --> 01:14:59,600
in the testimony you're giving
about this scientific question?

1166
01:14:59,700 --> 01:15:03,400
The last paragraph in that section
was not a paragraph which I wrote.

1167
01:15:03,500 --> 01:15:05,400
That was added to my testimony.

1168
01:15:05,500 --> 01:15:09,000
If they force you to change
a scientific conclusion,

1169
01:15:09,100 --> 01:15:12,200
it's a form of science fraud by them.

1170
01:15:12,400 --> 01:15:15,600
You know, in the Soviet Union,
ordering scientists

1171
01:15:15,700 --> 01:15:19,500
to change their studies to conform
with the ideology...

1172
01:15:24,100 --> 01:15:25,900
I've seen scientists

1173
01:15:26,600 --> 01:15:29,500
who were persecuted,

1174
01:15:30,600 --> 01:15:32,200
ridiculed,

1175
01:15:32,900 --> 01:15:37,900
deprived of jobs, income,

1176
01:15:39,600 --> 01:15:43,300
simply because the facts
they discovered

1177
01:15:43,400 --> 01:15:46,600
led them to an inconvenient truth

1178
01:15:50,200 --> 01:15:52,600
that they insisted on telling.

1179
01:15:56,400 --> 01:15:59,300
He worked for
the American Petroleum Institute.

1180
01:16:00,000 --> 01:16:01,800
And in January of 2001,

1181
01:16:01,900 --> 01:16:05,600
he was put by the president in charge
of environmental policy.

1182
01:16:07,300 --> 01:16:10,000
He received a memo from the EPA

1183
01:16:10,600 --> 01:16:13,800
that warned about global warming

1184
01:16:14,200 --> 01:16:17,400
and he edited. He has no
scientific training whatsoever.

1185
01:16:18,400 --> 01:16:21,200
But he took it upon himself
to overrule the scientist.

1186
01:16:21,300 --> 01:16:24,500
I said, "I want to see
what this guy's handwriting looks like."

1187
01:16:24,600 --> 01:16:28,300
This is the memo from the EPA.
These are his actual pen strokes.

1188
01:16:28,800 --> 01:16:32,300
He says, "No, you can't say this.
This is just speculation."

1189
01:16:32,700 --> 01:16:35,300
This was embarrassing
to the White House,

1190
01:16:35,400 --> 01:16:39,000
so this fellow resigned a few days later.

1191
01:16:39,100 --> 01:16:43,100
And the day after he resigned,
he went to work for Exxon Mobil.

1192
01:16:44,500 --> 01:16:47,600
You know, more than 100 years ago,
Upton Sinclair wrote this.

1193
01:16:47,700 --> 01:16:50,600
That it's difficult to get a man
to understand something

1194
01:16:51,200 --> 01:16:55,400
if his salary depends upon
his not understanding it.

1195
01:17:02,600 --> 01:17:04,100
The second misconception.

1196
01:17:04,200 --> 01:17:06,700
Do we have to choose between
the economy and the environment?

1197
01:17:06,800 --> 01:17:08,300
This is a big one.

1198
01:17:08,400 --> 01:17:10,500
Lot of people say we do.

1199
01:17:10,600 --> 01:17:13,800
I was trying to convince
the previous administration,

1200
01:17:13,900 --> 01:17:16,900
the first Bush administration,
to go to the Earth Summit.

1201
01:17:17,000 --> 01:17:19,100
And they organized
a big White House conference

1202
01:17:19,200 --> 01:17:21,000
to say, "Oh, we're on top of this."

1203
01:17:21,100 --> 01:17:23,000
And one of these view graphs
caught my attention.

1204
01:17:23,100 --> 01:17:24,900
And I want to talk to you about it
for a minute.

1205
01:17:25,100 --> 01:17:28,600
Now here is the choice
that we have to make

1206
01:17:28,700 --> 01:17:30,400
according to this group.

1207
01:17:30,700 --> 01:17:35,100
We have here a scales that balances
two different things.

1208
01:17:35,700 --> 01:17:38,900
On one side, we have gold bars.

1209
01:17:42,900 --> 01:17:44,700
Don't they look good?

1210
01:17:45,200 --> 01:17:48,100
I'd just like to have
some of those gold bars.

1211
01:17:51,100 --> 01:17:55,800
On the other side of the scales,
the entire planet.

1212
01:18:10,200 --> 01:18:13,600
I think this is a false choice
for two reasons.

1213
01:18:13,800 --> 01:18:17,500
Number one, if we don't have a planet...

1214
01:18:21,000 --> 01:18:24,900
The other reason is that
if we do the right thing,

1215
01:18:25,000 --> 01:18:27,200
then we're gonna create a lot of wealth

1216
01:18:27,300 --> 01:18:29,700
- and we're gonna create a lot of jobs.
- Yes.

1217
01:18:29,800 --> 01:18:32,900
Because doing the right thing
moves us forward.

1218
01:18:37,800 --> 01:18:42,200
I've probably given this slide show
1,000 times.

1219
01:18:48,000 --> 01:18:50,500
I would say, at least 1,000 times.

1220
01:18:51,700 --> 01:18:55,000
Nashville to Knoxville
to Aspen and Sundance.

1221
01:18:55,100 --> 01:18:59,400
Los Angeles and San Francisco.
Portland, Minneapolis.

1222
01:18:59,900 --> 01:19:04,800
Boston, New Haven, London, Brussels,
Stockholm, Helsinki,

1223
01:19:05,000 --> 01:19:08,100
Vienna, Munich, Italy and Spain

1224
01:19:08,300 --> 01:19:11,200
and China, South Korea, Japan.

1225
01:19:14,300 --> 01:19:15,600
Thank you.

1226
01:19:15,900 --> 01:19:19,800
I guess the thing I've spent more time
on than anything else in this slide show

1227
01:19:19,900 --> 01:19:22,300
is trying to identify

1228
01:19:22,800 --> 01:19:26,000
all those things in people's minds

1229
01:19:26,100 --> 01:19:30,900
that serve as obstacles
to them understanding this.

1230
01:19:33,000 --> 01:19:37,300
And whenever I feel like
I've identified an obstacle,

1231
01:19:37,500 --> 01:19:40,900
I try to take it apart, roll it away.
Move it.

1232
01:19:42,300 --> 01:19:44,300
Demolish it, blow it up.

1233
01:19:52,700 --> 01:19:54,800
I set myself a goal.

1234
01:19:57,400 --> 01:20:00,700
Communicate this real clearly.

1235
01:20:01,900 --> 01:20:04,600
The only way I know to do it

1236
01:20:05,600 --> 01:20:07,400
is city by city,

1237
01:20:13,100 --> 01:20:14,800
person by person,

1238
01:20:19,800 --> 01:20:21,800
family by family.

1239
01:20:25,800 --> 01:20:27,100
- Bye-bye. Thank you again.
- Bye.

1240
01:20:27,800 --> 01:20:30,300
And I have faith that pretty soon

1241
01:20:30,700 --> 01:20:33,000
enough minds are changed

1242
01:20:34,200 --> 01:20:37,000
that we cross a threshold.

1243
01:20:39,100 --> 01:20:40,400
Let me give you an example

1244
01:20:40,500 --> 01:20:43,700
of the wrong way to balance
the economy and the environment.

1245
01:20:44,000 --> 01:20:46,300
One part of this issue
involves automobiles.

1246
01:20:46,400 --> 01:20:49,000
Japan has mileage standards up here.

1247
01:20:49,100 --> 01:20:51,400
Europe plans to pass Japan.

1248
01:20:51,600 --> 01:20:56,300
Our allies in Australia and Canada
are leaving us behind.

1249
01:20:56,600 --> 01:20:58,400
Here is where we are.

1250
01:21:00,700 --> 01:21:02,100
Now there's a reason for it.

1251
01:21:02,200 --> 01:21:06,000
They say that we can't protect
the environment too much

1252
01:21:06,100 --> 01:21:09,300
without threatening the economy
and threatening the automakers.

1253
01:21:09,400 --> 01:21:13,800
Because automakers in China might
come in and just steal all our markets.

1254
01:21:13,900 --> 01:21:18,700
Well, here is where China's
auto mileage standards are now.

1255
01:21:20,100 --> 01:21:21,100
Way above ours.

1256
01:21:21,200 --> 01:21:23,800
We can't sell our cars in China today

1257
01:21:24,400 --> 01:21:28,100
because we don't meet
the Chinese environmental standards.

1258
01:21:29,300 --> 01:21:32,300
California has taken an initiative

1259
01:21:32,400 --> 01:21:36,700
to have higher-mileage cars
sold in California.

1260
01:21:36,800 --> 01:21:40,000
Now the auto companies
have sued California

1261
01:21:40,100 --> 01:21:42,600
to prevent this law from taking effect

1262
01:21:42,700 --> 01:21:46,700
because, as they point out,
11 years from now

1263
01:21:46,800 --> 01:21:51,000
this would mean that California
would have to have cars for sale

1264
01:21:51,100 --> 01:21:54,000
that are as efficient 11 years from now

1265
01:21:54,100 --> 01:21:55,800
as China's are today.

1266
01:21:55,900 --> 01:21:59,400
Clearly too onerous a provision
to comply with.

1267
01:22:00,000 --> 01:22:02,500
And is this helping
our companies succeed?

1268
01:22:02,600 --> 01:22:05,900
Well, actually, if you look at
who's doing well in the world,

1269
01:22:06,000 --> 01:22:09,400
it's the companies that are building
more-efficient cars.

1270
01:22:09,700 --> 01:22:11,600
And our companies are in deep trouble.

1271
01:22:12,500 --> 01:22:13,700
Final misconception.

1272
01:22:13,800 --> 01:22:16,700
If we accept that this problem is real,

1273
01:22:16,800 --> 01:22:19,400
maybe it's just too big
to do anything about.

1274
01:22:19,700 --> 01:22:23,700
And, you know, there are a lot of people
who go straight from denial

1275
01:22:23,900 --> 01:22:25,400
to despair

1276
01:22:25,600 --> 01:22:28,500
without pausing
on the intermediate step

1277
01:22:28,700 --> 01:22:31,700
of actually doing something
about the problem.

1278
01:22:32,000 --> 01:22:35,800
And that's what I'd like to finish with.
The fact that we already know

1279
01:22:36,400 --> 01:22:40,600
everything we need to know
to effectively address this problem.

1280
01:22:40,900 --> 01:22:43,500
We've got to do a lot of things,
not just one.

1281
01:22:43,700 --> 01:22:46,700
If we use more efficient

1282
01:22:46,800 --> 01:22:48,900
electricity appliances,

1283
01:22:49,000 --> 01:22:52,700
we can save this much off
of the global warming pollution

1284
01:22:52,800 --> 01:22:55,800
that would otherwise be
put into the atmosphere.

1285
01:22:55,900 --> 01:22:59,100
If we use other end-use efficiency,
this much.

1286
01:22:59,200 --> 01:23:01,700
If we have higher mileage cars,
this much.

1287
01:23:01,800 --> 01:23:04,900
And all these begin to add up.
Other transport efficiency,

1288
01:23:05,000 --> 01:23:06,900
renewable technology,

1289
01:23:07,000 --> 01:23:09,200
carbon capture and sequestration.

1290
01:23:09,300 --> 01:23:12,600
A big solution that you're gonna
be hearing a lot more about.

1291
01:23:12,800 --> 01:23:14,400
They all add up,

1292
01:23:14,500 --> 01:23:19,000
and pretty soon we are below
our 1970 emissions.

1293
01:23:20,000 --> 01:23:22,300
We have everything we need,

1294
01:23:22,500 --> 01:23:25,400
save perhaps political will.

1295
01:23:26,000 --> 01:23:30,100
But you know what? In America,
political will is a renewable resource.

1296
01:23:35,100 --> 01:23:36,900
We have the ability to do this.

1297
01:23:37,500 --> 01:23:40,000
Each one of us is
a cause of global warming,

1298
01:23:40,200 --> 01:23:42,900
but each of us can make choices
to change that.

1299
01:23:43,000 --> 01:23:47,300
With the things we buy, the electricity
we use, the cars we drive,

1300
01:23:47,400 --> 01:23:51,500
we can make choices to bring
our individual carbon emissions to zero.

1301
01:23:51,800 --> 01:23:54,700
The solutions are in our hands.

1302
01:23:54,800 --> 01:23:58,100
We just have to have the determination
to make them happen.

1303
01:23:58,200 --> 01:24:01,900
Are we gonna be left behind
as the rest of the world moves forward?

1304
01:24:02,000 --> 01:24:05,600
All of these nations have ratified Kyoto.

1305
01:24:05,700 --> 01:24:10,700
There are only two advanced nations
in the world that have not ratified Kyoto,

1306
01:24:10,800 --> 01:24:14,700
and we are one of them.
The other is Australia.

1307
01:24:15,200 --> 01:24:18,300
Luckily, several states
are taking the initiative.

1308
01:24:18,400 --> 01:24:21,400
The nine northeastern states
have banded together

1309
01:24:21,500 --> 01:24:23,500
on reducing CO2.

1310
01:24:24,300 --> 01:24:27,100
California and Oregon are taking
the initiative.

1311
01:24:27,200 --> 01:24:32,000
Pennsylvania's exercising leadership
on solar power and wind power.

1312
01:24:32,100 --> 01:24:35,800
And US cities are
stepping up to the plate.

1313
01:24:36,100 --> 01:24:39,000
One after the other, we have seen

1314
01:24:40,400 --> 01:24:44,800
all of these cities pledge
to take on global warming.

1315
01:24:47,300 --> 01:24:49,900
So what about the rest of us?

1316
01:24:50,800 --> 01:24:55,600
Ultimately this question
comes down to this.

1317
01:24:55,700 --> 01:24:58,900
Are we, as Americans,

1318
01:24:59,800 --> 01:25:02,600
capable of doing great things

1319
01:25:02,700 --> 01:25:05,100
even though they are difficult?

1320
01:25:05,200 --> 01:25:06,800
Are we capable

1321
01:25:06,900 --> 01:25:10,600
of rising above ourselves
and above history?

1322
01:25:10,800 --> 01:25:15,200
Well, the record indicates
that we do have that capacity.

1323
01:25:15,300 --> 01:25:18,100
We formed a nation,
we fought a revolution

1324
01:25:18,200 --> 01:25:21,000
and brought something new
to this Earth,

1325
01:25:21,100 --> 01:25:24,700
a free nation guaranteeing
individual liberty.

1326
01:25:25,300 --> 01:25:29,800
America made a moral decision.
Its slavery was wrong,

1327
01:25:30,200 --> 01:25:34,500
and that we could not be half free
and half slave.

1328
01:25:35,000 --> 01:25:36,700
We, as Americans, decided

1329
01:25:36,800 --> 01:25:39,700
that of course
women should have the right to vote.

1330
01:25:39,800 --> 01:25:42,400
We defeated totalitarianism
and won a war

1331
01:25:42,500 --> 01:25:45,800
in the Pacific and the Atlantic
simultaneously.

1332
01:25:46,200 --> 01:25:49,200
We desegregated our schools.

1333
01:25:49,300 --> 01:25:52,600
And we cured fearsome diseases
like polio.

1334
01:25:52,700 --> 01:25:54,200
We landed on the moon.

1335
01:25:54,300 --> 01:25:57,900
The very example of what's possible
when we are at our best.

1336
01:25:58,000 --> 01:26:01,200
We worked together
in a completely bipartisan way

1337
01:26:01,300 --> 01:26:03,300
to bring down communism.

1338
01:26:03,400 --> 01:26:07,200
We have even solved
a global environmental crisis before,

1339
01:26:07,300 --> 01:26:10,100
the hole in the stratospheric
ozone layer.

1340
01:26:10,200 --> 01:26:12,700
This was said to be
an impossible problem to solve

1341
01:26:12,800 --> 01:26:15,500
because it's
a global environmental challenge

1342
01:26:15,600 --> 01:26:19,400
requiring cooperation
from every nation in the world.

1343
01:26:19,700 --> 01:26:21,700
But we took it on.

1344
01:26:21,800 --> 01:26:25,100
And the United States took the lead
in phasing out the chemicals

1345
01:26:25,200 --> 01:26:27,100
that caused that problem.

1346
01:26:27,200 --> 01:26:31,900
So now we have to use our political
processes in our democracy,

1347
01:26:32,000 --> 01:26:35,300
and then decide to act together
to solve those problems.

1348
01:26:35,500 --> 01:26:38,600
But we have to have
a different perspective on this one.

1349
01:26:39,100 --> 01:26:42,100
It's different from any problem
we have ever faced before.

1350
01:26:44,700 --> 01:26:49,400
You remember that home movie
of the Earth spinning in space?

1351
01:26:50,600 --> 01:26:54,800
One of those spacecraft continuing
on out into the universe,

1352
01:26:55,500 --> 01:26:59,100
when it got four billion miles
out in space,

1353
01:26:59,200 --> 01:27:02,900
Carl Sagan said,
"Let's take another picture of the Earth."

1354
01:27:04,200 --> 01:27:06,300
You see that pale blue dot?

1355
01:27:07,400 --> 01:27:08,400
That's us.

1356
01:27:09,000 --> 01:27:12,400
Everything that has ever happened
in all of human history

1357
01:27:13,000 --> 01:27:15,300
has happened on that pixel.

1358
01:27:16,000 --> 01:27:18,400
All the triumphs and all the tragedies.

1359
01:27:19,100 --> 01:27:21,400
All the wars, all the famines.

1360
01:27:22,000 --> 01:27:23,900
All the major advances.

1361
01:27:25,600 --> 01:27:27,200
It's our only home.

1362
01:27:28,600 --> 01:27:32,500
And that is what is at stake.

1363
01:27:33,200 --> 01:27:37,300
Our ability to live

1364
01:27:37,700 --> 01:27:39,300
on planet Earth,

1365
01:27:40,400 --> 01:27:42,700
to have a future as a civilization.

1366
01:27:46,900 --> 01:27:50,000
I believe this is a moral issue.

1367
01:27:50,700 --> 01:27:53,700
It is your time to seize this issue.

1368
01:27:53,800 --> 01:27:58,000
It is our time to rise again,
to secure our future.

1369
01:28:09,300 --> 01:28:13,600
There's nothing that unusual
about what I'm doing with this.

1370
01:28:15,300 --> 01:28:19,000
What is unusual is that
I had the privilege to be shown it

1371
01:28:19,100 --> 01:28:20,700
as a young man.

1372
01:28:22,400 --> 01:28:24,900
Ladies and gentlemen, Mr. Al Gore.

1373
01:28:25,700 --> 01:28:29,900
It's almost as if a window was opened
through which

1374
01:28:30,100 --> 01:28:34,000
the future was very clearly visible.

1375
01:28:35,400 --> 01:28:37,400
"See that?" he said, "See that?

1376
01:28:39,700 --> 01:28:43,200
"That's the future in which you are
going to live your life."

1377
01:29:06,500 --> 01:29:08,400
Future generations

1378
01:29:09,100 --> 01:29:12,300
may well have occasion
to ask themselves,

1379
01:29:12,700 --> 01:29:15,300
"What were our parents thinking?

1380
01:29:15,400 --> 01:29:19,800
"Why didn't they wake up
when they had a chance?"

1381
01:29:24,200 --> 01:29:28,500
We have to hear that question
from them, now.

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